CHP 8 - rESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

The system responsible for gas exchange, phonation, olfaction, and heat regulation

Answer 1

Respiratory system

Question 2

A cylindrical passage enclosed by all the bones of the face except the mandible

Answer 2

Nasal cavity

Question 3

A common passage for food and air located caudal to the oral and nasal cavities

Answer 3

Pharynx

Question 4

A cartilaginous organ regulating air passage, preventing aspiration, and acting as the voice box

Answer 4

Larynx

Question 5

A permanently open conducting tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi

Answer 5

Trachea

Question 6

Branching structures of the airway that direct air into the lungs

Answer 6

Bronchi

Question 7

Paired organs responsible for ventilation and gas exchange

Answer 7

Lungs

Question 8

The structure that divides the nasal cavity into two halves

Answer 8

Nasal septum

Question 9

The air passage between the dorsal turbinate and the nasal roof

Answer 9

Dorsal nasal meatus

Question 10

The air passage between the dorsal and ventral turbinate bones

Answer 10

Middle nasal meatus

Question 11

The only direct passage between the nostrils and pharynx

Answer 11

Ventral nasal meatus

Question 12

The passage between the nasal septum and turbinate bones

Answer 12

Common nasal meatus

Question 13

A deep groove in the noses of carnivores and small ruminants, shallow or absent in pigs, oxen, and horses

Answer 13

Philtrum

Question 14

The hairless, moist region at the rostral part of the nose with sweat glands but no sebaceous glands

Answer 14

Planum

Question 15

The specific term for the nasal planum in sheep, goats, and dogs

Answer 15

Planum nasale

Question 16

The specific term for the nasal planum in pigs

Answer 16

Planum rostrale

Question 17

The specific term for the nasal planum in cows

Answer 17

Planum nasolabiale

Question 18

A blind-ended passage in the horse’s nostrils aiding in passive dilation during ventilation

Answer 18

Nasal diverticulum

Question 19

A bone in the pig’s nose that assists in rooting

Answer 19

Rostral bone

Question 20

Air-filled cavities within skull bones that communicate with the nasal cavity

Answer 20

Paranasal sinuses

Question 21

The largest sinus in horses, divided into rostral and caudal compartments

Answer 21

Maxillary sinus

Question 22

A sinus present in all domestic species, varying in size and division

Answer 22

Frontal sinus

Question 23

A sinus found in horses within the sphenoid and palatine bones

Answer 23

Sphenopalatine sinus

Question 23

A sinus within the conchal bones of cattle and pigs

Answer 23

Conchal sinus

Question 24

The portion of the pharynx that connects to the nasal cavity and auditory tubes

Answer 24

Nasopharynx

Question 25

Tubes that drain from the middle ear to the nasopharynx, equalizing pressure

Answer 25

Pharyngotympanic tubes

Question 26

Paired diverticula of the auditory tubes in horses, thought to help regulate blood pressure and temperature

Answer 26

Guttural pouches

Question 27

The entrance to the larynx bounded by the epiglottis, arytenoid cartilages, and aryepiglottic folds

Answer 27

Laryngeal opening

Question 28

The region between the laryngeal opening and the ventricular folds

Answer 28

Vestibule of the larynx

Question 29

The narrow opening between the vocal folds

Answer 29

Glottic cleft

Question 29

The compartment of the larynx continuous with the trachea

Answer 29

Infraglottic cavity

Question 30

A mucosal outpocketing present in horses, pigs, and dogs but absent in cats and ruminants

Answer 30

Lateral ventricle

Question 31

A structure connecting the cricoid and thyroid cartilages

Answer 31

Crico-thyroid membrane

Question 32

A membrane connecting the thyroid cartilage with the hyoid bone

Answer 32

Thyro-hyoid membrane

Question 33

A ligament attaching the epiglottis to the hyoid bone

Answer 33

Hyo-epiglottic ligament

Question 34

A ligament extending from the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage

Answer 34

Vocal ligament

Question 35

The only muscle that abducts the vocal folds to open the glottis

Answer 35

Dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 36

A muscle that closes the rima glottidis

Answer 36

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 37

A muscle that constricts the glottis

Answer 37

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Question 38

A muscle that tenses the vocal cords

Answer 38

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 39

A condition in horses causing paralysis of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle, leading to airway obstruction

Answer 39

Laryngeal hemiplegia

Question 40

The characteristic sound produced by horses with laryngeal hemiplegia due to vocal cord fluttering

Answer 40

Roaring

Question 41

Inflammation of the larynx causing difficulty in breathing and phonation

Answer 41

Laryngitis

Question 42

The placement of an endotracheal tube into the larynx and trachea

Answer 42

Intubation

Question 43

A surgical procedure to create an opening in the trachea for breathing

Answer 43

Tracheostomy

Question 44

C-shaped hyaline cartilage structures that keep the trachea open

Answer 44

Tracheal rings

Question 45

A smooth muscle that completes the tracheal rings dorsally

Answer 45

Trachealis muscle

Question 46

An additional bronchus in ruminants and pigs supplying the cranial lobe of the right lung

Answer 46

Tracheal bronchus

Question 47

The terminal air sacs where gas exchange occurs

Answer 47

Alveoli

Question 48

A non-functional lung that is firm, gray, and does not float in water

Answer 48

Fetal lung

Question 49

The entry and exit site for the bronchus, pulmonary artery, and veins

Answer 49

Hilus of the lung

Question 50

A region where the pericardium contacts the thoracic wall without lung tissue, used for cardiac puncture

Answer 50

Cardiac notch

Question 51

A diagnostic method using tapping to assess the condition of underlying lung structures

Answer 51

Percussion

Question 52

The process of listening to lung sounds to assess respiratory health

Answer 52

Auscultation

Question 53

Discontinuous sounds caused by the sudden opening of collapsed airways or fluid accumulation

Answer 53

Crackles

Question 54

Continuous sounds caused by airflow through narrowed airways

Answer 54

Wheezes

Question 55

A procedure to drain excess fluid from the pleural cavity

Answer 55

Pleurocentesis

Question 56

A surgical opening into the thoracic cavity for lung or heart surgery

Answer 56

Thoracotomy

Question 57

The surgical removal of a lung lobe

Answer 57

Lobectomy

Question 58

A diagnostic procedure involving tissue sampling from the lung

Answer 58

Lung biopsy

Question 59

A serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and covering the lungs

Answer 59

Pleura

Question 60

The pleura lining the thoracic wall

Answer 60

Parietal pleura

Question 61

The pleura covering the mediastinum

Answer 61

Mediastinal pleura

Question 62

The pleura directly covering the lungs

Answer 62

Pulmonary pleura

Question 63

The central thoracic compartment housing the heart, esophagus, trachea, and major vessels

Answer 63

Mediastinum

Question 64

A muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, aiding in respiration

Answer 64

Diaphragm

Question 65

An opening in the diaphragm for the aorta, azygos vein, and thoracic duct

Answer 65

Aortic hiatus

Question 66

An opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus and vagus nerves

Answer 66

Esophageal hiatus

Question 67

An opening in the diaphragm for the caudal vena cava

Answer 67

Caval foramen

Question 68

A condition where air accumulates in the pleural cavity, causing lung collapse

Answer 68

Pneumothorax

Question 69

The accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

Answer 69

Pyothorax

Question 70

Include the diaphragm, scalene, and external intercostals

Answer 70

Muscles of inspiration

Question 71

Include the internal intercostals, abdominal muscles, and transversus thoracis

Answer 71

Muscles of expiration