Chpt. 10 - Basics Of Chemistry

Question 1

ACIDS?

Answer 1

Solutions that have a pH below 7.0, and turn litmus paper from blue to red.

Question 2

ALKALIS?

Answer 2

Solutions that have a pH above 7.0 and turn litmus paper from red to blue.

Question 3

ALKANOLAMINES?

Answer 3

Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.

Question 4

AMMONIA?

Answer 4

Colorless gas with a pungent odor. Composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.

Question 5

ANION?

Answer 5

An ion with a negative electrical charge.

Question 6

ATOM?

Answer 6

Smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element.

Question 7

CATION?

Answer 7

An Ion with a positive electrical charge.

Question 8

CHEMICAL CHANGE?

Answer 8

Change in the chemical and physical properties of a substance due to a chemical reaction that creates a new substance or substances.

Question 9

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?

Answer 9

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.

Question 10

CHEMISTRY?

Answer 10

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under various conditions.

Question 11

COMBUSTION?

Answer 11

Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.

Question 12

COMPOUNDS?

Answer 12

Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements chemically joined together.

Question 13

ELEMENT?

Answer 13

The simplest form of matter; it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity.

Question 14

ELEMENTAL MOLECULES?

Answer 14

A chemical combination of atoms of the same element.

Question 15

EMULSION?

Answer 15

An unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier.

Question 16

EXOTHERMIC?

Answer 16

Chemical reactions that produce heat.

Question 17

GLYCERIN?

Answer 17

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and moisturizer in skin and body creams.

Question 18

HYDROPHILIC?

Answer 18

Water loving.

Question 19

IMMISCIBLE?

Answer 19

Not capable of being mixed.

Question 20

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY?

Answer 20

Study of substances that do not contain carbon.

Question 21

ION?

Answer 21

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

Question 22

IONIZATION?

Answer 22

Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.

Question 23

LIPOPHILIC?

Answer 23

Oil loving.

Question 24

LOGARITHM?

Answer 24

Multiples of ten.

Question 25

MATTER?

Answer 25

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).

Question 26

MISCIBLE?

Answer 26

Capable of being mixed with another liquid in any proportion without separating.

Question 27

MOLECULE?

Answer 27

A chemical combination of two or more atoms.

Question 28

OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION? (O/W)

Answer 28

Oil droplets emulsified in water.

Question 29

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY?

Answer 29

Study of substances that contain carbon.

Question 30

OXIDATION?

Answer 30

A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

Question 31

OXIDIZING AGENT?

Answer 31

Substance that releases oxygen.

Question 32

pH SCALE?

Answer 32

Measure the acidity and alkalinity of a substance.

Question 33

PHYSICAL CHANGE?

Answer 33

Change in the form or physical properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance.

Question 34

PHYSICAL MIXTURE?

Answer 34

Physical combination of matter, in any proportion.

Question 35

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES?

Answer 35

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.

Question 36

PURE SUBSTANCE?

Answer 36

Chemical combination of matter in definite proportions.

Question 37

REDOX?

Answer 37

Contraction for reduction-oxidation; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized.

Question 38

REDUCED?

Answer 38

To subtract oxygen from or add hydrogen to a substance.

Question 39

REDUCTION?

Answer 39

The chemical reaction of subtracting oxygen from, or adding hydrogen to, a substance.

Question 40

SILIICONES?

Answer 40

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners and as water-resistant lubricants for the skin.

Question 41

SOLUTE?

Answer 41

Substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Question 42

SOLUTION?

Answer 42

Stable mixture or two or more mixable substances.

Question 43

SOLVENT?

Answer 43

Substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution.

Question 44

SURFACTANTS?

Answer 44

Surface active agents; substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.

Question 45

SUSPENSION?

Answer 45

Unstable mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid.

Question 46

VOLATILE?

Answer 46

Easily evaporating.

Question 47

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS? (VOCs)

Answer 47

Substances containing carbon that evaporate quickly and easily.

Question 48

WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION? (W/O)

Answer 48

Water droplets emulsified in oil.