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ANACHEM > Chromatography > Flashcards

Chromatography Flashcards

1
Q
  • Is a technique used to separate and identify the components of a mixture.
  • Works by allowing the molecules present in the mixture to distribute themselves between a stationary and a mobile medium.
  • Molecules that spend most of their time in the mobile phase are carried along faster.
A

Chromatography

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2
Q

is a laboratory technique that separates components within a mixture by using the differential affinities of the components for a mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing medium through which they pass.

A

Chromatography

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3
Q

showing a difference, distinctive

A

Differential

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4
Q

natural attraction or force between things

A

Affinity

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5
Q

gas or liquid that carries the components

A

Mobile Medium

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6
Q

the part of the apparatus that does not move with the sample (stationary phase)

A

Stationary Medium

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7
Q

examine a mixture, its components, and their relationship to one another

A

Analyze

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8
Q

determine the identity of a mixture or components based on known components

A

Identify

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9
Q

separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study

A

Purify

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10
Q

determine the amount of the mixture and/or the components present in the sample

A

Quantify

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11
Q
  • Because molecules in mixtures have different characteristics (such as size and solubility), they travel at different speeds when pulled along a piece of paper by a solvent (water).
  • For example, black ink contains several colors. When the water flows through a word written in black, the molecules of each one of the colors behave differently, resulting in a sort of “rainbow” effect with the colors separating out at different rates.
A

RF (Retardation Factor)

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12
Q

Rf =

A

distance moved by substance / distance moved by solvent front

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13
Q

Types of Chromatography

A
  • Paper Chromatography
  • Thin- Layer Chromatography
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Liquid Chromatography
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14
Q

separates dried liquid samples with a liquid solvent (mobile phase) and a paper strip (stationary phase)

A

Paper chromatography

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15
Q

the movement of liquid within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. The liquid is able to move up the filter paper because its attraction to itself is stronger than the force of gravity

A

Capillary Action

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16
Q

the degree to which a material (solute) dissolves into a solvent. Solutes dissolve into solvents that have similar properties. (Like dissolves like) This allows different solutes to be separated by different combinations of solvents.

A

Solubility

17
Q

Separation of components depends on both their solubility in the mobile phase and their differential affinity to the mobile phase and the stationary phase.

A

Principles of Paper Chromatography

18
Q
  • uses an absorbent material on flat glass or plastic plates.
  • It is used to detect pesticide or insecticide residues in food.
  • is also used in forensics to analyze the dye composition of fibers.
  • Most samples are not colored and need to be visualized with a UV lamp.
A

Thin Layer Chromatography

19
Q

gas mixture, called the ?, composed of an inert “carrier” gas (usually Helium) and various other chemical components in the vapor phase introduced at the Injection Port pass through a non-moving material

A

Mobile Phase

20
Q
  • usually tightly packed into a copper tube called the Column…
  • which separates the gas stream into its particular components based on how “quickly” they move through. The components reach a…
A

Stationary Phase

21
Q

generates an electrical signal

A

Detector

22
Q
  • is used in airports to detect bombs and is used in forensics in many different ways.
  • It is used to analyze fibers on a persons body and also analyze blood found at a crime scene.
  • Helium is used to move a gaseous mixture through a column of absorbent material.
A

Gas Chromatography

23
Q
  • A sample mixture is passed through a column packed with solid particles which may or may not be coated with another liquid.
  • With the proper solvents, packing conditions, some components in the sample will travel the column more slowly than others resulting in the desired separation.
  • is used in the world to test water samples to look for pollution in lakes and rivers.
  • is used to analyze metal ions and organic compounds in solutions.
  • uses liquids which may incorporate insoluble molecules.
A

Liquid Chromatography

24
Q

Liquid/Solid Chromatography

A

adsorption chromatography

25
Q

Liquid/Liquid Chromatography

A

partition chromatography

26
Q

Gel Permeation Chromatography

A

exclusion chromatography

27
Q

Types of Liquid Chromatography

A
  1. Liquid/Solid Chromatography
    A. Normal Phase LSC
    B. Reverse Phase LSC
  2. Liquid/Liquid Chromatography
    A. Normal Phase LLC
    B. Reverse Phase LLC
  3. Ion Exchange Chromatography
  4. Gel Permeation Chromatography
28
Q
  • The stationary solid surface is coated with a 2nd liquid (the Stationary Phase) which is immiscible in the solvent (Mobile) phase.
  • Partitioning of the sample between 2 phases delays or retains some components more than others to effect separation
A

Liquid-Liquid Chromatography

29
Q

Separation is based on the competition of different ionic compounds of the sample for the active sites on the ion-exchange resin (column-packing).

A

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

30
Q

is a mechanical sorting of molecules based on the size of the molecules in solution. Small molecules are able to permeate more pores and are, therefore, retained longer than large molecules.

A

Gel-Permeation Chromatography

31
Q

uses a polar stationary phase and a non-polar mobile phase, and works effectively for relatively polar analytes

A

Normal Phase Chromatograaphy

32
Q

has a non-polar stationary phase and an aqueous, moderately polar mobile phase.

A

Reversed Phase Chromatography

ANACHEM (10 decks)

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