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ANACHEM > Solutions > Flashcards

Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

is a mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase.

A

solution

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2
Q

the part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)

A

SOLUTE

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3
Q

the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)

A

SOLVENT

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4
Q

Solute + Solvent =

A

Solution

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5
Q

if two liquids dissolve in each other in any proportion as in water and alcohol

A

Miscible

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6
Q

when two liquid components form a single phase when mixed in certain proportions but form two phases when mixed in different proportions like benzene and water

A

Partially Miscible

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7
Q

when two components are insoluble in each other like water and mercury

A

Immiscible

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8
Q

contains the maximum quantity of solute that dissolves at that temperature.

A

Saturated solution

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9
Q

contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a particular temperature

A

Unsaturated solution

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10
Q
  • contain more solute that a solvent can dissolve at a given temperature
A

Supersaturated solutions

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11
Q

The supersaturation is only temporary, and usually accomplished in one of two ways:

A
  1. Warm the solvent so that it will dissolve more, then cool the solution
  2. Evaporate some of the solvent carefully so that the solute does not solidify and come out of solution.
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12
Q

when there is evolution of heat during its formation, thus when the components of this solution are mixed, the solution becomes hot, like NaOH in water

A

Exothermic solution

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13
Q

when there is absorption of heat during its formation, thus when the components of this solution are mixed, the solution becomes cold

A

Endothermic solution

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14
Q

a solution which contains a relatively large amount of solute

A

Dilute solution

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15
Q

solution which contains a relatively large amount of solute

A

Concentrated solution

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16
Q

solution with the same concentration as the standard Normal Saline Solution (0.85 – 0.9% NaCl is isotonic with the concentration of salt in the blood)

A

Isotonic solution

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17
Q

solution whose concentration is lower than the standard

A

Hypotonic Solution

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18
Q

solution whose concentration is greater than the standard

A

Hypertonic Solution

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19
Q

Properties of Solutions

A
  1. Particles in a solution are non-settling.
  2. Particles in a solution pass through filters
    3.Solutions are clear even when colored.
    4.Particles in a solution are diffusible
    5.Solutions can undergo osmosis
    6.Boiling point of solutions of a non-volatile compound is always higher than in pure solvent.
    7.Freezing point of solutions of a non-volatile compound is always lower than in pure solvent
    8.Osmotic pressure is higher in solutions of higher concentrations
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20
Q

Movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The particles will mix until they are evenly distributed.

A

Diffusion

21
Q

Properties determined by the number of particles in solution rather than the type of particles.

A

Colligative Properties

22
Q

Colligative Properties

A
  • Vapor Pressure
  • Boiling Point
  • Freezing Point
  • Osmotic Pressure
23
Q

of a liquid is the water temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid

A

Boiling Point

24
Q

describes the phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid(a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent.

A

Boiling-point elevation

25
Q

is the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its non-vapor phases. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to condense back into their original form (either liquid or solid).

A

Vapor pressure

26
Q

describes the phenomenon that the freezing point of a liquid (a solvent) is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent.

A

Freezing-point depression

27
Q

is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a difference in concentration between solutions on the two sides of a surface such as a semipermeable membrane.

A

Osmotic Pressure

28
Q

A property of a substance which allows it to form uniform mixtures with other substance or the weight of a substance dissolved by a given weight of volume of solvent at a given temperature.

A

Solubility

29
Q

when a given solute is readily soluble in a given amount of solvent e.g. sugar in water

A

Soluble or very soluble

30
Q

when a given solute in a given amount of solvent with the aid of outside factor such as stirring or shaking e.g. sodium sulfate in water

A

Moderately soluble

31
Q

when the solute is partially dissolved in a given amount of solvent
eg. CaO in water

A

Slightly soluble

32
Q

when a given solute does not dissolve in a given amount of water
e.g. sand in water

A

Insoluble

33
Q

in general decrease the solubility of a gas in liquids

A

Heating

34
Q

results in increased solubility of a gas in a liquid

A

Increased pressure

35
Q

Relative solubilities of two liquids in each other are determined by its

A

degree of similarity

36
Q

increase the miscibility of liquids

A

Heat

37
Q

Solids/Liquids- Solubility increases with Temperature
Increase K.E. increases motion and collision between solute / solvent.
ii) gas - Solubility decreases with Temperature
Increase K.E. result in gas escaping to atmosphere.

A

Temperature

38
Q

i) Solids/Liquids - Very little effect
Solids and Liquids are already close together, extra pressure will not increase solubility.
ii) gas - Solubility increases with Pressure.
Increase pressure squeezes gas solute into solvent.

A

Pressure Fact

39
Q

that the amount of solute gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to the amount of pressure above the solution.

A

Henry Law

40
Q

water with dissolved carbon dioxide gas.

A

“carbonated water”

41
Q

Pulverization or grinding of a solid to fine powder will increase area to the solvent

A

Size of Solute

42
Q

Shaking or stirring bring out about circulation of the solvent and maximum contact between solute and solvent

A

Agitation

43
Q

Heating increases the solubility of most solids

A

Temperature

44
Q

Among the halogens, Fluorine is the most active and combines with Hydrogen with explosive violence

A

Nature of the reactants

45
Q

This favors reaction. If there is greater contact and collision among the molecules, there is increased reaction velocity

A

Close Contact

46
Q

Chemical reations proceed more rapidly in higher temperature.

A

Temperature

47
Q

This speeds up the rate of the reaction. Some catalysts form intermediated product with one of the reactants while others are only contact catalysts. Negative catalysts retard the rate of the reaction.

A

Catalysts

48
Q
  • The more molecules in a definite volume, the greater will the speed of reaction.
  • is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance.
  • This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in a substance.
A

Concentration

ANACHEM (10 decks)

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