Solutions

Question 1

is a mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase.

Answer 1

solution

Question 2

the part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)

Answer 2

SOLUTE

Question 3

the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)

Answer 3

SOLVENT

Question 4

Solute + Solvent =

Answer 4

Solution

Question 5

if two liquids dissolve in each other in any proportion as in water and alcohol

Answer 5

Miscible

Question 6

when two liquid components form a single phase when mixed in certain proportions but form two phases when mixed in different proportions like benzene and water

Answer 6

Partially Miscible

Question 7

when two components are insoluble in each other like water and mercury

Answer 7

Immiscible

Question 8

contains the maximum quantity of solute that dissolves at that temperature.

Answer 8

Saturated solution

Question 9

contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a particular temperature

Answer 9

Unsaturated solution

Question 10

• contain more solute that a solvent can dissolve at a given temperature

Answer 10

Supersaturated solutions

Question 11

The supersaturation is only temporary, and usually accomplished in one of two ways:

Answer 11

1. Warm the solvent so that it will dissolve more, then cool the solution
2. Evaporate some of the solvent carefully so that the solute does not solidify and come out of solution.

Question 12

when there is evolution of heat during its formation, thus when the components of this solution are mixed, the solution becomes hot, like NaOH in water

Answer 12

Exothermic solution

Question 13

when there is absorption of heat during its formation, thus when the components of this solution are mixed, the solution becomes cold

Answer 13

Endothermic solution

Question 14

a solution which contains a relatively large amount of solute

Answer 14

Dilute solution

Question 15

solution which contains a relatively large amount of solute

Answer 15

Concentrated solution

Question 16

solution with the same concentration as the standard Normal Saline Solution (0.85 – 0.9% NaCl is isotonic with the concentration of salt in the blood)

Answer 16

Isotonic solution

Question 17

solution whose concentration is lower than the standard

Answer 17

Hypotonic Solution

Question 18

solution whose concentration is greater than the standard

Answer 18

Hypertonic Solution

Question 19

Properties of Solutions

Answer 19

1. Particles in a solution are non-settling.
2. Particles in a solution pass through filters
   3.Solutions are clear even when colored.
   4.Particles in a solution are diffusible
   5.Solutions can undergo osmosis
   6.Boiling point of solutions of a non-volatile compound is always higher than in pure solvent.
   7.Freezing point of solutions of a non-volatile compound is always lower than in pure solvent
   8.Osmotic pressure is higher in solutions of higher concentrations

Question 20

Movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The particles will mix until they are evenly distributed.

Answer 20

Diffusion

Question 21

Properties determined by the number of particles in solution rather than the type of particles.

Answer 21

Colligative Properties

Question 22

Colligative Properties

Answer 22

• Vapor Pressure
• Boiling Point
• Freezing Point
• Osmotic Pressure

Question 23

of a liquid is the water temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid

Answer 23

Boiling Point

Question 24

describes the phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid(a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent.

Answer 24

Boiling-point elevation

Question 25

is the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its non-vapor phases. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to condense back into their original form (either liquid or solid).

Answer 25

Vapor pressure

Question 26

describes the phenomenon that the freezing point of a liquid (a solvent) is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent.

Answer 26

Freezing-point depression

Question 27

is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a difference in concentration between solutions on the two sides of a surface such as a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 27

Osmotic Pressure

Question 28

A property of a substance which allows it to form uniform mixtures with other substance or the weight of a substance dissolved by a given weight of volume of solvent at a given temperature.

Answer 28

Solubility

Question 29

when a given solute is readily soluble in a given amount of solvent e.g. sugar in water

Answer 29

Soluble or very soluble

Question 30

when a given solute in a given amount of solvent with the aid of outside factor such as stirring or shaking e.g. sodium sulfate in water

Answer 30

Moderately soluble

Question 31

when the solute is partially dissolved in a given amount of solvent eg. CaO in water

Answer 31

Slightly soluble

Question 32

when a given solute does not dissolve in a given amount of water e.g. sand in water

Answer 32

Insoluble

Question 33

in general decrease the solubility of a gas in liquids

Answer 33

Heating

Question 34

results in increased solubility of a gas in a liquid

Answer 34

Increased pressure

Question 35

Relative solubilities of two liquids in each other are determined by its

Answer 35

degree of similarity

Question 36

increase the miscibility of liquids

Answer 36

Heat

Question 37

Solids/Liquids- Solubility increases with Temperature Increase K.E. increases motion and collision between solute / solvent. ii) gas - Solubility decreases with Temperature Increase K.E. result in gas escaping to atmosphere.

Answer 37

Temperature

Question 38

i) Solids/Liquids - Very little effect Solids and Liquids are already close together, extra pressure will not increase solubility. ii) gas - Solubility increases with Pressure. Increase pressure squeezes gas solute into solvent.

Answer 38

Pressure Fact

Question 39

that the amount of solute gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to the amount of pressure above the solution.

Answer 39

Henry Law

Question 40

water with dissolved carbon dioxide gas.

Answer 40

“carbonated water"

Question 41

Pulverization or grinding of a solid to fine powder will increase area to the solvent

Answer 41

Size of Solute

Question 42

Shaking or stirring bring out about circulation of the solvent and maximum contact between solute and solvent

Answer 42

Agitation

Question 43

Heating increases the solubility of most solids

Answer 43

Temperature

Question 44

Among the halogens, Fluorine is the most active and combines with Hydrogen with explosive violence

Answer 44

Nature of the reactants

Question 45

This favors reaction. If there is greater contact and collision among the molecules, there is increased reaction velocity

Answer 45

Close Contact

Question 46

Chemical reations proceed more rapidly in higher temperature.

Answer 46

Temperature

Question 47

This speeds up the rate of the reaction. Some catalysts form intermediated product with one of the reactants while others are only contact catalysts. Negative catalysts retard the rate of the reaction.

Answer 47

Catalysts

Question 48

- The more molecules in a definite volume, the greater will the speed of reaction. - is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. - This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in a substance.

Answer 48

Concentration