Chromosomes And Genes

Question 1

What are chromosomes

Answer 1

Threadlike structiures that are decided into smaller sections called genes

Question 2

What do the genes in our body control

Answer 2

Eye colour
Hair colour

Question 3

What are chromosomes and genes made up of

Answer 3

DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

What is DNA

Answer 4

A chemical that makes up genes and chromosomes

Question 5

Is homozomes the same or diffeent

Answer 5

Same

Question 6

Is hetrozones the same or different

Answer 6

Different

Question 7

We represent this by using letters to represent alleles on a

Answer 7

Genetic cross diagram
Punnett square

Question 8

Is the dominant or resessive stronger dominant

Question 9

What’s a allele

Answer 9

Diffeent forms of the same gene

Question 10

Whats a gamete

Answer 10

A sex cell that contains only 1 chromosome from each parent

Question 11

What’s a genotype

Answer 11

Pair of letters which show the combination of a persons genes

Question 12

What’s a phenotype

Answer 12

The physical appearance of an individual

Question 13

What’s a mutation

Answer 13

Change in the structure of a persons DNA

Question 14

What can mutations be triggered by and lead to what

Answer 14

Ultraviolet light (uv) coming from sun and perticular mutations can lead to skin cancer

Question 15

What happens when cells need to make new cells

Answer 15

They divide and make copies of themselves

Question 16

What’s a tumour caused by

Answer 16

Cells deviding rapidly and uncontrollably forming a ball of cells called a tumour

Question 17

What do u use to prevent sunburn

Answer 17

Suncreme
Cover up between 11am-5pm
Don’t use sunbeds

Question 18

What dose inherited diseases mean

Answer 18

They are Passed on genetically

Question 19

What’s cystic fibrosis and how is it caused

Answer 19

Condition that causes problems breathing and the digestion of food caused by mistakes in the production of gamites

Question 20

What’s Down syndrome caused by

Answer 20

Mutation when the gamites are formed
1 extra chromosome

Question 21

What can u study to see if someone has Down syndrome and what is it

Answer 21

Karyotype
Diagram/photo of someone’s chromosomes laid out so they can b counted

Question 22

What is genetic screening

Answer 22

Testing people for the presence of an allele or condition

Question 23

How dose genetic screening work and what’s the test called

Answer 23

Cells are takes from the amniotic fluid surrounding the baby and are allowed to multiply in laboratory conditions. the chromosomes and cells can then be examined to see if the developing foetus has the condition (an amniocentesis test)

Question 24

What’s a disadvantage of the amniocentesis test

Answer 24

Small chance of miscarriage- about 1%

Question 25

Ethical issues of genetic screening- have an abortion

Answer 25

-Poor quality of life if born -May require so much care that there’s less time for other family members -specialist medication care and drugs for their entire life so strain on the NHS

Question 26

Ethical issues with not having an abortion

Answer 26

-Might be against the parents religion -Denys the right to life to an unborn child who cannot make the choice for themselves

Question 27

What’s a pedigree diagram

Answer 27

Shows the way in which a genetic condition is inherited in a family or group of biologically related people

Question 28

What’s genetic engineering

Answer 28

Deliberate modification of an organisms geonome

Question 29

Advantages of genetic engineering

Answer 29

-Bacterial DNA is easily manipulated -bacteria grow and produce quickly

Question 30

What are disadvantages of genetic engineering

Answer 30

-They aren’t nateral issues -There may be unforseen outcomes that no one can predict

Question 31

What’s a clone

Answer 31

Genetically identical offspring