Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypertension?

A

raised BP

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2
Q

risk factors for hypertension

A

age
race
obesity
alcohol
pregnancy
stress

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3
Q

Outcome from hypertension

A

Accelerated atherosclerosis: MI, Stroke, Peripheral Vascular disease
= renal failure

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4
Q

Example of a vasoconstrictor

A

adrenaline

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5
Q

example of drug which increases circulating blood volume

A

cortisol

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6
Q

Cushing’s syndrome?

A

salt and water retention: leads to excess fluid within circulation

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7
Q

What is renal artery stenosis

A

narrowing of blood flow into kidney which makes kidney’s autoregulation system think the BP has dropped

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8
Q

How to treat hypertension?

A

= aim of treatment - BP 120/90 Hg
= modify risk factors (weight loss, exercise)
= single daily drug dose (beta block, calcium channel antagonist, ace inhibitor)

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9
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of left heart failure?

A

= lungs and systolic effect
= dyspnoea, tachycardia, low BP, low vol pulse

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10
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of right heart failure?

A

= venous pressure elevated
= swollen ankles, ascites, raised JVP, tender enlarged liver, poor GI absorption

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11
Q

Symptoms of heart failure

A

= breathlessness
= swelling of feel and legs
= lack of energy b
= cough
= increased urination at night

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12
Q

Why is it important to know as a dentist if patient is suffering from heart failure?

A

= shortness of breath - worse when patient lies back

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13
Q

Left sided heart failure?

A

= bp in lungs increases
= cough - frothy sputum

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14
Q

Right sided heart failure

A

fluid accumulation in peripheral tissues from right sided failure

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15
Q

How is acute heart failure managed?

A

= emergency hospital management
= lungs filled with fluid (oedema)

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16
Q

How is chronic heart failure managed?

A

= community based
= improve myocardial function
= where possible treat the cause

17
Q

Drug therapy in chronic heart failure

A

= diuretics
= ace inhibitor
nitrates
= inotropes
= STOP NEGATIVE INOTROPES- B BLOCKERS

18
Q

What can cause valve disease?

A

= MI
= congenital abnormality