Chronic inflammation

Question 1

Macrophage activation to kill ___________

Answer 1

intravesicular pathogens

Question 2

No costimulation

T regulatory cells

Answer 2

impaired CD4 TH1 cell reponse

Question 3

Immune response :

CD4 Th1 cells
Activated macrophages

Answer 3

Vesicular

Question 4

Immune response:
CD8 T cells
NK cells
NKT cells
gd cells

Answer 4

cytoplasmic

Question 5

Immune response:

CD4 Th2 cells B cells/PC IgG
Phagocytes Complement

Answer 5

Interstitial spaces, Blood and lymph

Question 6

Immune response:

CD4 Th2 cells
B cells/PC IgA
CD4 Th17 cells

Answer 6

epithelial surfaces

Question 7

Tuberculosis
Leprosy (tuberculoid)
Deep fungal diseases
Leishmaniasis (cutaneous)

Answer 7

intracellular pathogen, CD4 Th1 response

Question 8

The accumulation of macrophages loaded with mycobacteria typically seen in lepromatous leprosy are a likely consequence of:

1. A decrease in microbial immunogenicity
2. A deficit in pattern recognition receptors
3. A deficient T cell repertoire
4. A defective Th1 response
5. A defective antibody response

Answer 8

4. A defective Th1 response

Question 9

Pyogenic cocci
Spirochetes
Toxins
Parasites

Answer 9

CD4 Th2 cell response for extracellular pathogen

Question 10

Klebsiella
Helicobacter
Fungi (candida)

Autoimmune disease

Answer 10

CD4 Th17 cell response,

Question 11

Viral diseases     (vaccinia, influenza, rabies, hepatitis)
Listeriosis

Answer 11

CD8 cell response; intracellular pathogen

Question 12

Cell mediated (type IV, CD4 T)

Answer 12

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Question 13

Allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 13

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Question 14

Clinical picture:

Blistering, erythema, induration

Answer 14

allergic contact dermitis

Question 15

Lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Scleroderma
Dermatomyositis

Answer 15

systemic autoimmune disease

Question 16

Thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s, Graves disease)
Type-1 diabetes mellitus
Addison’s disease

Answer 16

endocrine

Question 17

Multiple sclerosis

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 17

neurological

Question 18

Atherosclerosis

Answer 18

vascular

Question 19

Autoimmune gastritis with pernicious anemia
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Primary biliary cirrhosis

Answer 19

Gastrointestinal

Question 20

Pemphigus Pemphigoid
Vitiligo Alopecia areata
Psoriasis Lichen planus

Answer 20

cutaneous

Question 21

The usual reaction to non-degradable substances is in the form of foreign body __________ composed of macrophages (histiocytes) and multinucleated giant cells

Answer 21

granulomas

Question 22

Mineral: silica (sand, glass), beryllium, zirconium
Plant (thorn), animal (insect parts)
Medical: suture material, synthetic grafts, implants

Answer 22

exogenous substances

Question 23

Calcium, urate crystals, atheroma
Storage material
Keratin, hair
Dead tissue

Answer 23

endogenous non-degradable substances

Question 24

are circumscribed collections of inflammatory cells that aggregate around a central “nidus

Answer 24

Granulomas

Question 25

_________ can be composed of macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils

Answer 25

Granulomas

Question 26

Granulomatous Immune (hypersensitivity)-type granulomas 1. Caused by _________ i.e. mycobacteria, fungi, spirochetes, parasites 2. __________: i.e. sarcoidosis, Crohn’s disease

Answer 26

1. caused by microorganisms | 2. Unknown cause

Question 27

LONG-LASTING INFLAMMATION IN WHICH AFFECTED TISSUES ARE INFILTRATED MAINLY BY MACROPHAGES, LYMPHOCYES AND PLASMA CELLS

Answer 27

chronic

Question 28

IN MOST CASES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, IS THE EXPRESSION OF AN __________ IMMUNE RESPONSE

Answer 28

ADAPTIVE

Question 29

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN FOLLOW OR BE ADMIXED WITH ACUTE INFLAMMATION AND WITH __________ AND _________

Answer 29

TISSUE REPAIR AND REGENERATION

Question 30

Killing of extracellular pathogens | by stimulating antibody production by B cells

Answer 30

Th2 cell

Question 31

Killing of intracellular pathogens | by activating macrophages

Answer 31

Th1 cell

Question 32

Down-regulation of Th1, Th2, Th17 cells

Answer 32

T-regulatory cell

Question 33

Killing of extracellular pathogens through recruitment of neutrophils

Answer 33

TH17 cell

Question 34

mononuclear cell infiltration

Answer 34

macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells

Question 35

well-circumscribed aggregates of inflammatory cells bound together by extracellular matrix

Answer 35

granulomas

Question 36

mononuclear phagocyte system

Answer 36

macrophages

Question 37

macrophages make use of ___________ receptors to sense invading pathogens

Answer 37

pattern recognition

Question 38

M1 type macrophages

Answer 38

Th1 cell

Question 39

M2 type macrophages

Answer 39

Th2 cells

Question 40

macrophages that resemble squamous epithelial

Answer 40

epithelioid macrophages

Question 41

essential cell constituents of granulomas

Answer 41

multinucleated giant cells- macrophages

Question 42

composed of macrophages and giant cells with virtually no lymphocytes

Answer 42

foreign body granulomas

Question 43

sarcoidosis

Answer 43

unknown etiology of granulomatous disease

Question 44

Granulomas can be formed in response to inert substances, _______________ which do not represent an adaptive immune response, but rather an innate immune response.

Answer 44

such as foreign bodies

Question 45

Lepromatous leprosy and visceral leishmaniasis are clinical examples of chronic inflammation in a host with an impaired __________________

Answer 45

CD4 Th1 cell response

Question 46

IL-6

Answer 46

both

Question 47

IL-2,

Answer 47

chronic

Question 48

IL-13.

Answer 48

chronic

Question 49

IL-12,

Answer 49

chronic

Question 50

IL-10,

Answer 50

chronic

Question 51

IFN-g,

Answer 51

chronic

Question 52

IL-1,

Answer 52

acute

Question 53

TNF-a

Answer 53

acute

Question 54

IL-8,

Answer 54

acute

Question 55

_____________ is important in transforming macrophages into epithelioid cells in granuloma formation

Answer 55

Interferon-γ