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Patholoy > tissue repair and wound healing > Flashcards

tissue repair and wound healing Flashcards

exam 1 (56 cards)

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1
Q

no or minimal tissue destruction

A

resolution

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2
Q

tissue destruction

A

repair

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3
Q

EXUDATE/DEAD TISSUE REPLACED BY:

  • REGENERATION of CELLS/TISSUES
  • SCAR FORMATION (FIBROSIS)
A

repair

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4
Q

REMOVAL OF EXUDATE (neutrophils, debris, microorganisms)
BREAKDOWN OF FIBRIN
REVERSAL OF VASCULAR PHENOMENA
DRAINAGE OF EXCESS FLUID

A

resolution

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5
Q

Proliferate continuously replacing cells that are destroyed as part of a normal turnover process

A

labile cells

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6
Q

Normally exhibit slow turnover, however they may replicate rapidly in response to growth factors to completely regenerate original tissues

A

stable cells

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7
Q

Cannot undergo or have limited mitotic activity in post-natal life.

A

permanent cells

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8
Q

Skeletal, Cardiac Muscle
Smooth muscle
Neurons

A

permanent cells

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9
Q 
Glandular organs (liver, kidney, pancreas, endocrine glands)
Mesenchymal tissues (bone, cartilage, vessels)
Glia
A

stable cells

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10
Q

Epithelia (skin, respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, genital mucosas)
Hemopoietic cells

A

labile cells

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11
Q

Leukocyte and **fibroblast chemoattractant, mitogen and activator; angiogenic

A

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF):

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12
Q

Stimulate epidermal keratinocytes, **granulation tissue formation and fibroblasts.

A

Epidermal and Keratinocyte Growth Factors (EGF, KGF)

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13
Q

Chemoattractants and ***stimulators of fibroblasts; angiogenic.

A

Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs)

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14
Q

Stimulates angiogenesis, promotes cell survival, endothelial cell migration, increases vascular permeability.

A

Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor: (VEGF):

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15
Q

Leukocyte chemoattractant, stimulates angiogenesis and **collagen synthesis*, dampens immune response (induces regulatory T cells, T regs).

A

Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF- β):

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16
Q

Stimulates nerve growth.

A

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF):

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17
Q

VEGF signaling pathway leads to activation of _______ and the effect of ________

A

activation of endothelial cells and the effect of angiogenesis

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18
Q

Collagens
Fibrillar (I, II, III, V, IX)
Non-fibrillar

A

tensile strenght

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19
Q 
Glycosaminoglycans
Linked to protein core (proteoglycans)
Chondroitin, dermatan, heparan, keratan sulfate
Not linked to protein core
Hyaluronan
A

compressible gel

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20
Q

Elastic fibers
Elastin
Fibrillin

A

tissue elasticity

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21
Q 
Adhesion and regulatory components
Adhesive glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin)
Adhesion molecules (integrins, ICAMs, selectins, cadherins)
Matricellular proteins (thrombospondins, osteopontin, tenascin
A

natural glues

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22
Q

essential for wound healing and scar formation

A

Collagens I, III:

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23
Q

a complex, multi-enzyme enterprise

Study These Flashcards
A

Collagen synthesis:

24
Q

essential for aa hydroxylation and cross-linking

25
collagen assembly: intracellular or extracellular ``` Polypeptide synthesis (pro a-chain) Hydroxylation (OH) of pro, lys: vitamin C ```
intracellular
26
collagen assembly: intracellular or extracellular -chain triple helical assembly (tropocollagen, procollagen)
intracellular
27
collagen assembly: intracellular or extracellular Cross-linking (collagen fibrils) OH lys - Lysyl oxidase
extracellular
28
collagen assembly: intracellular or extracellular Further polymerization (collagen fibers to bundles)
extracellular
29
adhesive glycoproteins 2
1. fibronectin | 2. laminin
30
Scare remodelation: Fibrogenic growth factors collagen synthesis
strengthening
31
Scare remodelation: Myofibroblasts (in secondary intention)
contraction
32
Scare remodelation: Zinc ion-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (many): collagenases, stromelysins, gelatinases) - Other proteases
remodeling
33
Stimulates fibroblasts and collagen synthesis
IL-13:
34
normal wound healing: minutes
hemostasis
35
normal wound healing: days
inflammatory phase
36
normal wound healing:: days up to 1-2 weeks
proliferative phase
37
normal wound healing:: weeks to months
remodelation phase
38
Neo-angiogenesis: Proliferation of vascular endothelium, growth factors at work Influx of fibroblasts: - Beginning of new matrix synthesis Granulation tissue
proliferative phase
39
Scar formation and strengthening (fibrosis): - Fibrogenic growth factors, collagen synthesis Scar contraction: - Myofibroblasts (in secondary intention) Scar remodeling: - Zinc ion-dependent matrix metalloproteinases: collagenases, stromelysins, gelatinases, other proteases
remodelation phase
40
Clot formation Inflammation: Extravasation and infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages Leukocyte activation: Killing of micro-organisms: ROS Enzymatic break-down and phagocytosis of dead tissue
hemostasis and inflammatory
41
Overlapping symptoms: skin/joint hyperextensibility, tissue fragility, bruising, ******deficient wound healing
Ehlers- Danlos syndrome
42
Palmar fibromatosis Plantar fibromatosis Penile fibromatosis Infantile digital fibromatosis
superficial- slow growing
43
Desmoid tumor Fibromatosis colli Aggressive infantile fibromatosis
Deep (fast-growing)
44
(Dupuytren’s contracture)
Palmar fibromatosis
45
(Ledderhose’s disease)
Plantar fibromatosis
46
(Peyronie’s disease)
Penile fibromatosis
47
hydrolaxes require ________ as a cofactor
vitamin C
48
Hydrolaxes works at which point in collagen formation?
pro-collagen in the cytoplasm
49
healing that follows a clean surgical skin incision
first intention
50
healing followed by infection and tissue necrosis
second intetion
51
where granulation tissue is more abundant
healing by second intention
52
Vit C is necessary for _______ of proline and lysine
hydroxylation
53
absent or diminished leukocytes or diabetes
diminished tissue vascularization and increased risk of infections
54
medications that retard the repair process
corticosteroids and chemotherapuetic agents
55
overproduction and inssufficient breakdown of collagen
keloids
56
tx for keloids?
give them a corticosteroids shot to slow down the repair process.

Patholoy (7 decks)

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