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Patholoy > tissue repair and wound healing > Flashcards

tissue repair and wound healing Flashcards

exam 1

1
Q

no or minimal tissue destruction

A

resolution

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2
Q

tissue destruction

A

repair

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3
Q

EXUDATE/DEAD TISSUE REPLACED BY:

  • REGENERATION of CELLS/TISSUES
  • SCAR FORMATION (FIBROSIS)
A

repair

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4
Q

REMOVAL OF EXUDATE (neutrophils, debris, microorganisms)
BREAKDOWN OF FIBRIN
REVERSAL OF VASCULAR PHENOMENA
DRAINAGE OF EXCESS FLUID

A

resolution

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5
Q

Proliferate continuously replacing cells that are destroyed as part of a normal turnover process

A

labile cells

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6
Q

Normally exhibit slow turnover, however they may replicate rapidly in response to growth factors to completely regenerate original tissues

A

stable cells

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7
Q

Cannot undergo or have limited mitotic activity in post-natal life.

A

permanent cells

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8
Q

Skeletal, Cardiac Muscle
Smooth muscle
Neurons

A

permanent cells

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9
Q 
Glandular organs (liver, kidney, pancreas, endocrine glands)
Mesenchymal tissues (bone, cartilage, vessels)
Glia
A

stable cells

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10
Q

Epithelia (skin, respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, genital mucosas)
Hemopoietic cells

A

labile cells

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11
Q

Leukocyte and **fibroblast chemoattractant, mitogen and activator; angiogenic

A

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF):

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12
Q

Stimulate epidermal keratinocytes, **granulation tissue formation and fibroblasts.

A

Epidermal and Keratinocyte Growth Factors (EGF, KGF)

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13
Q

Chemoattractants and ***stimulators of fibroblasts; angiogenic.

A

Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs)

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14
Q

Stimulates angiogenesis, promotes cell survival, endothelial cell migration, increases vascular permeability.

A

Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor: (VEGF):

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15
Q

Leukocyte chemoattractant, stimulates angiogenesis and **collagen synthesis*, dampens immune response (induces regulatory T cells, T regs).

A

Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF- β):

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16
Q

Stimulates nerve growth.

A

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF):

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17
Q

VEGF signaling pathway leads to activation of _______ and the effect of ________

A

activation of endothelial cells and the effect of angiogenesis

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18
Q

Collagens
Fibrillar (I, II, III, V, IX)
Non-fibrillar

A

tensile strenght

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19
Q 
Glycosaminoglycans
Linked to protein core (proteoglycans)
Chondroitin, dermatan, heparan, keratan sulfate
Not linked to protein core
Hyaluronan
A

compressible gel

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20
Q

Elastic fibers
Elastin
Fibrillin

A

tissue elasticity

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21
Q 
Adhesion and regulatory components
Adhesive glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin)
Adhesion molecules (integrins, ICAMs, selectins, cadherins)
Matricellular proteins (thrombospondins, osteopontin, tenascin
A

natural glues

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22
Q

essential for wound healing and scar formation

A

Collagens I, III:

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23
Q

a complex, multi-enzyme enterprise

A

Collagen synthesis:

24
Q

essential for aa hydroxylation and cross-linking

A

Vitamin C:

25
Q

collagen assembly:
intracellular or extracellular

Polypeptide synthesis (pro a-chain)
Hydroxylation (OH) of pro, lys: vitamin C
A

intracellular

26
Q

collagen assembly:
intracellular or extracellular

-chain triple helical assembly
(tropocollagen, procollagen)

A

intracellular

27
Q

collagen assembly:
intracellular or extracellular

Cross-linking (collagen fibrils)
OH lys - Lysyl oxidase

A

extracellular

28
Q

collagen assembly:
intracellular or extracellular

Further polymerization
(collagen fibers to bundles)

A

extracellular

29
Q

adhesive glycoproteins 2

A
  1. fibronectin

2. laminin

30
Q

Scare remodelation:

Fibrogenic growth factors collagen synthesis

A

strengthening

31
Q

Scare remodelation:

Myofibroblasts (in secondary intention)

A

contraction

32
Q

Scare remodelation:

Zinc ion-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (many):
collagenases, stromelysins, gelatinases)
- Other proteases

A

remodeling

33
Q

Stimulates fibroblasts and collagen synthesis

A

IL-13:

34
Q

normal wound healing:

minutes

A

hemostasis

35
Q

normal wound healing:

days

A

inflammatory phase

36
Q

normal wound healing::

days up to 1-2 weeks

A

proliferative phase

37
Q

normal wound healing::

weeks to months

A

remodelation phase

38
Q

Neo-angiogenesis:
Proliferation of vascular endothelium, growth factors at work
Influx of fibroblasts:
- Beginning of new matrix synthesis

Granulation tissue

A

proliferative phase

39
Q

Scar formation and strengthening (fibrosis):
- Fibrogenic growth factors, collagen synthesis
Scar contraction:
- Myofibroblasts (in secondary intention)
Scar remodeling:
- Zinc ion-dependent matrix metalloproteinases: collagenases, stromelysins, gelatinases, other proteases

A

remodelation phase

40
Q

Clot formation
Inflammation:
Extravasation and infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages
Leukocyte activation:
Killing of micro-organisms: ROS
Enzymatic break-down and phagocytosis of dead tissue

A

hemostasis and inflammatory

41
Q

Overlapping symptoms: skin/joint hyperextensibility, tissue fragility, bruising, ****deficient wound healing

A

Ehlers- Danlos syndrome

42
Q

Palmar fibromatosis
Plantar fibromatosis
Penile fibromatosis
Infantile digital fibromatosis

A

superficial- slow growing

43
Q

Desmoid tumor
Fibromatosis colli
Aggressive infantile fibromatosis

A

Deep (fast-growing)

44
Q

(Dupuytren’s contracture)

A

Palmar fibromatosis

45
Q

(Ledderhose’s disease)

A

Plantar fibromatosis

46
Q

(Peyronie’s disease)

A

Penile fibromatosis

47
Q

hydrolaxes require ________ as a cofactor

A

vitamin C

48
Q

Hydrolaxes works at which point in collagen formation?

A

pro-collagen in the cytoplasm

49
Q

healing that follows a clean surgical skin incision

A

first intention

50
Q

healing followed by infection and tissue necrosis

A

second intetion

51
Q

where granulation tissue is more abundant

A

healing by second intention

52
Q

Vit C is necessary for _______ of proline and lysine

A

hydroxylation

53
Q

absent or diminished leukocytes or diabetes

A

diminished tissue vascularization and increased risk of infections

54
Q

medications that retard the repair process

A

corticosteroids and chemotherapuetic agents

55
Q

overproduction and inssufficient breakdown of collagen

A

keloids

56
Q

tx for keloids?

A

give them a corticosteroids shot to slow down the repair process.

Patholoy (7 decks)

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