Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is chronic inflammation?
Chronic inflammation is inflammation in which the cell populations are predominantly lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages.
What is the predominant cell population composed of during chronic inflammation?
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages
What does chronic inflammation feature?
Tissue damage/death (necrosis)
Healing/repair (granulation tissue, fibrosis and scarring`).
Can chronic inflammation be developed from an acute inflammatory episode?
Yes.
Can chronic inflammation arise as a primary pathology?
Yes.
What does the clinical presentation of chronic inflammation usually feature?
No clear ‘sore bit’
Malaise
Weight loss
Name 3 examples of chronic inflammation.
Autoimmune thyroiditis (functional glandular destruction) Crohn's disease (ulceration/fibrosis of GI tract) Leprosy (cutaneous nerve destruction)
What is organisation?
An outcome of acute inflammation involving granulation tissue, angiogenesis, fibrosis and scar formation.
What does organisation result in?
Formation of granulation tissue
Angiogenesis
Fibrosis and formation of scar
What is a angiogenesis?
Formation of new blood vessels.
What are the 4 steps of angiogenesis?
New vessels form from capillary buds.
VESF (vascular endothelial stimulating factor) released by hypoxic cells which stimulates proliferation.
Enzyme secretion aids the process.
Blood supply is enabled to enter the tissue.
What factor is released by hypoxic cells to stimulate proliferation during angiogenesis?
VESF- Vascular Endothelial Stimulating Factor
What does granulation tissue involve?
Angiogenesis, fibroblasts/collagen, macrophages
What is the acute/chronic interface built on?
Acute inflammation developing into chronic inflammation.
What does acute-on-chronic inflammation feature?
Exudate/neutrophils alongside lymphocytes/fibroblasts/fibrosis
What type of tissue will acute-on-chronic inflammation feature?
Pyogenic tissue (pus).
What are the products of granulation tissue?
- Fibrous tissue- scar (skin blemish)
- Fibrosis as a problem
- Chronic inflammation
What is primary chronic inflammation developed from?
Autoimmune disease.
How does primary chronic inflammation occur?
Autoantibodies are directed against the body’s own cell and tissue components (autoantigens). This leads to the damage and destruction of organs, tissues, cellular components and cells.
What do lymphocytes do?
Part of immune system, many subtypes/functions, T-cells and B-cells, main functions in immune response and memory.
What do plasma cells do?
Differentiated B-cells, involved in antibody production, intermediate size.
What are the B-cell mechanisms?
Differentiate to plasma cells, facilitate immune response, act with macrophages (antigen presenting capacity) , immune memory.
What are the T-cell mechanisms?
Produce cytokines (attract and hold macrophages, activate them, permeability), produce interferons (antiviral effects; attract/stimulate other cells, damage and kill other cells and destroy antigens.
What do NK cells do?
Destroy antigens and cells (chemical mechanisms; innate immunity).