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Principles of Disease > Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria > Flashcards

Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of aerobic gram positive cocci?

A

Staphylococci (clusters)

Streptococci and enterococci (chains)

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2
Q

What aerobic gram positive bacteria are clusters?

A

Staphylococci.

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3
Q

What aerobic gram positive bacteria are chains?

A

Streptococci and enterococci.

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4
Q

What test do staphylococci undertake?

A

Coagulase test.

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5
Q

What does the coagulase test do?

A

Classifies staphylococci as positive or negative- they can be further isolated as MSSA/MRSA.

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6
Q

What is an example of a positive coagulase staphylococci?

A

Staphylococcus aureus- major pathogen, commensal in nose, wide range from boils to septicaemia.

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7
Q

What are staphylococcus aureus resistant to and why?

A

Penicillin due to production of penicillinase (B-lactamase).

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8
Q

What more serious complication is seen in staphylococcus aureus?

A

Methicillin resistance- MRSA, becomes a major clinical issue for infection prevention and control in hospitals.

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9
Q

What are examples of negative coagulase staphylococci?

A

S. epidermis, S. haemolytic, S. saprophytic, S, lugunensis, many commensals, form biofilms, pathogens in present of foreign objects.

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10
Q

When do negative coagulase staphylococci often become pathogens?

A

In presence of foreign agents (e.g. foreign bodies/transplant).

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11
Q

What structure are streptococci/enterococci?

A

Chained.

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12
Q

What are the classifications of streptococci/enterococci?

A

Alpha-haemolytic
Beta-haemolytic
Non-haemolytic

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13
Q

What do alpha-haemolytic streptococci do to blood agar?

A

Turn green.

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14
Q

What do beta-haemolytic streptococci do to blood agar?

A

Turn clear.

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15
Q

What streptococci is alpha-haemolytic?

A

Strep. pneumonia.

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16
Q

What does Strep. pneumoniae do?

A

Pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia.

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17
Q

What are beta-haemolytic streptococci ordered by?

A

Type A-G.

18
Q

What streptococci is beta-haemolytic Type A?

A

Strep. pyogenes.

19
Q

What does Strep. pyogenes do?

A

Pharyngitis, meningitis, septicaemia.

20
Q

What is an anaerobic gram positive bacteria?

A

Clostridium difficle.

21
Q

What does C. difficle do?

A

Causes diarrhoea through toxin production- assymptomatic gut carriage.

22
Q

What are the types of gram negative pathogenic bacteria?

A

Aerobic- E.coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter spp, helicopter pylons, haemophilus influenzae.
Anaerobes- polymicrobial infection e.g. bacterioides.

23
Q

What does Escherichia coli. do?

A

Found in human/animal reserves, causes diarrhoea.

Many virulence mechanisms, ferment lactose.

24
Q

Does E. coli ferment lactose?

A

Yes.

25
Q

What does salmonella do?

A

Causes self-limiting enterocolitis, can invade bloodstream causing septicaemia, no fermentation of lactose.

26
Q

How does salmonella cause sepsis?

A

Invasion of bloodstream.

27
Q

Does salmonella ferment lactose?

A

No.

28
Q

What do pseudomonas do?

A

Soil/water coloniser, can contaminate medical equipment causing sepsis, feared pathogen in cystic fibrosis.

29
Q

How do pseudomonas cause sepsis?

A

Contamination of medical equipment.

30
Q

What are pseudomonas the feared pathogen in?

A

Cystic fibrosis.

31
Q

What do campylobacter spp. do?

A

Found in domestic animals/chickens, spread through faecal-oral route, cause foul-smelling bloody diarrhoea.

32
Q

How are campylobacter spp. spread?

A

Faecal-oral route from domestic animals/chickens.

33
Q

What do helicopter pylons do?

A

Damage mucus, cause gastrointestinal ulceration, curved rod shape and human stomach commensal.

34
Q

What do helicopter pylons increase the risk of?

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma.

35
Q

What shape are helicopter pylons?

A

Curved rods.

36
Q

What do haemophilia influenzae do?

A

Cause respiratory tract infection.

37
Q

What shape are haemophilia influenzae?

A

Mixed appearance.

38
Q

What are anaerobic gram negative bacteria an example of?

A

Polymicrobial infection.

39
Q

What are an example of gram negative anaerobes?

A

Bacterioides.

40
Q

What are 2 examples of bacterioides?

A

Prevotella.

Porphyromonas.

Principles of Disease (22 decks)

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