Chunk Four

Question 1

dysphagia diet liquid progression

Answer 1

dietary liquid modfiication that involves altering the viscosity of drinking liquids to decrease aspiration risk, includes the following the levels (from most difficult to swallow to easiest to swallow)

thin
nectar like
honey like

Question 2

DDLP: nectar thick

Answer 2

thickened liquid consistency for safer swallowing that is a progression from thin liquid

may be natural or thin liquids prepared with thickening gel or powder such as

tomato juice
fruit nectar
egg nog

Question 3

DDL: pureed

Answer 3

dietary food texture modification described as smooth, uniform consistency for safer swallowing that requires very little chewing ability examples include

pudding and plain yogurt
smooth apple sauce
whipped potatoes

Question 4

DDL: mechanically altered

Answer 4

dietary food texture modficaiton described as moist, semi-solid consistency for safer swallowing that requires some chewing ability examples include:

cottage cheese
ripe banana
moist meat loaf
scrambled eggs

Question 5

DDL: advanced

Answer 5

dietary food texture modification described as soft consistency for safer swallowing that requires more advanced chewing ability,e examples include:

baked potato with skin
moist pancakes
thin sliced meat

Question 6

compensatory swallowing maneuvers

Answer 6

techniques reommended to facilitate safe swallow during the pharyngeal phase : only considered with clients who are alert attentive adn able to follow direction
ie:

chin tuck
mendelsohn maneuver
supraglottic swallow
super-supraglottic swallow

Question 7

chin tuck

Answer 7

compensatory swallowing maneuver that involves moving the chin towards the chest while swallowing protects the airway and reduces the risk of aspiration

Question 8

supraglottic swallow

Answer 8

compensatory swallowing technique used to close the vocal cords before and during swallow, involves the following steps;

1. take a deep breath
2. holding the breath while swallowing
3. coughing to clear saliva or food that may have passed beyond the vocal cords

Question 9

super-supraglottic swallow

Answer 9

compensatory swallowing technique used to close the airway entrance above the vocal cords involves the following steps

1. taking a deep breath
2. holding the breath and bearing down as in a bowel movement while swallowing
3. coughing to clear saliva or food that may have passed beyond the vocal cords

Question 10

mendelsohn maneuver

Answer 10

technique used to prolong the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter during a swallow involves pushing the tongue into the upper palette while manually maintaining the Adam’s apple in an elevated position

Question 11

work simulator

Answer 11

electromechanical isotonic and isometric strengthening device used for work evaluation and intervention to improve upper extremity functional abilities

Question 12

work conditioning

Answer 12

program focusing on returning a client to work: may:

include restoring ability and capacity associated with work related tasks
precede work hardening program

Question 13

work hardening

Answer 13

structured rehabilitation program aimed at maximizing a client’s physical ability to return to a specific job function after an injury may include:

job simulation activities
work conditioning exercises

Question 14

return to work program

Answer 14

work rehabilitation continuum that promotes cost-effective steps for job-related goal attainment

Question 15

motor control

Answer 15

ability to execute movement in a controlled and purposeful manner

Question 16

muscle tone

Answer 16

amount of tension in a muscle while at rest

Question 17

in hand manipulation

Answer 17

skill requiring control of the palmar arches of the hand to grasp and control objects

five patterns include: 
finger to palm 
palm to finger 
shift 
simple rotation 
complex rotation

Question 18

joint protection strategies

Answer 18

techniques used to minimize stress or prevent excessive forces on a joint during daily tasks

principles include

using the largest joint possible for the task
sliding items and performing tasks bilaterally
modifying the environment
considering adaptive equipment

Question 19

energy conservation techniques

Answer 19

strategies to minimize fatigue by reducing task demands or amount of effort exerted during daily routines

includes:
pacing
planning
prioritizing

Question 20

active exercise

Answer 20

voluntary contraction and relaxation of muscles to move a body part through the available ROM

preserve joint mobility
minimize atrophy
increase strength
increase endurance

Question 21

active-assistive exercise

Answer 21

voluntary contraction and relaxation of muscles aided by an external force used with presence of severe muscle weakness to

restore ROM
regain muscle strength

Question 22

passive stretch

Answer 22

a therapeutic technique used to slightly increase length of muscle fibers

achieved either mechanically (use of orthoses) or manually (slow and controlled passive ROM)

Question 23

finger blocking exercise

Answer 23

active exercises that involves isolating a specific joint of the hand by supporting the digit just proximal to the joint being moved used to

target a specific joint
restore strength
prevent adhesions
enhance tendon glide

Question 24

shoulder subluxation

Answer 24

partial displacement or dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, may occur secondary to the effects of weakness muscle imbalance and gravty

Question 25

conservative interventions may include

Answer 25

slings, positioning devices and taping strengthening exercises functional electrical stimulation

Question 26

tenodesis grasp

Answer 26

kinsesiological effect that will cause the fingers to flex when the wrist is moved from neutral to extension and the fingers to extend when the wrist is moved from a neutral position to flexion

Question 27

when is tenodesis grasp used

Answer 27

for a functional advantage for clients with: spinal cord injury at the C6 -C7 level radial nerve palsy

Question 28

metabolic equivalent of task MET

Answer 28

measurement system commonly used in cardiac rehabilitation that indicates the energy expenditure required during a physical activity or daily task examples include 1. 0-2.5 METs = sweeping floors 2. 6-4.0 MET walking downstairs

Question 29

cardiac rehabilitation

Answer 29

structured inter-professional team approach used to assist individuals recovery from myocardial infarction, heart surgery, per cutaneous coronary interventions procedures phases include: 1. inpatient 2. outpatient 3 community based

Question 30

isometric exercise

Answer 30

type of exercise in which a muscle or muscle group and joint angle do not move when the muscle acting on the joint are contracted

Question 31

codman's pendulum exercises:

Answer 31

therpeputic exercise for the shoulder joint in which teh client bends forward to the waist with the arm perpendicular to the floor, then rocks the body side to side allowing the relaxed arm to freely move in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction

Question 32

neural gliding exercises

Answer 32

series of structured UE exercises intended to prevent nerve adhesion adn preserve neurla mobility often used as an adjunct intervention for compression neuropathies or nerve entrapment syndromes

Question 33

tendon gliding exercises

Answer 33

series of hand exercises intended to prevent tendon adhesion and preserve tendon excursion includes the following:

Question 34

stright fist: TGE

Answer 34

composite MCP and IP joint extension

Question 35

hook fist: TGE:

Answer 35

MCP joint extension with IP joint flexion

Question 36

intrinsic plus : TGE

Answer 36

MCP joint flexion with IP joint extension

Question 37

straight IPS:

Answer 37

MCP and PIP flexion with DIP joint extension

Question 38

full fist: IPS:

Answer 38

composite MCP and IP joint flexion

Question 39

kensiotape

Answer 39

an elastic tape that is used to support an affected muscle during activity

Question 40

compression garment

Answer 40

a custom fit garment used in a burn rehabilitation program to prevent and reduce hypertrophic scars by providing pressure over the affected area

Question 41

fatigue management

Answer 41

techniques used to reduce feelings of exhaustion caused by physical conditions, psychosocial stressors, or work pressures strategies include: use of ergonomic products pacing the activity alternating heavy and light tasks practicing stress management

Question 42

mirror therapy

Answer 42

motor retraining method that includes using the reflection of the unaffected limb, typically used as an adjunct intervention for: CRPS phantom limb pain hemiparesis

Question 43

ideational apraxia

Answer 43

neurobehavioral deficit characterized by the inability to correctly use an everyday tool or object for its intended purpose using a comb to brush teeth

Question 44

motor apraxia

Answer 44

neurobehavioral deficit characterized by difficulty planning and sequencing the motor movements needed to complete task ie attempting to reposition the bristles of a toothbrush to brush teeth when moving it from one side of the mouth to the other

Question 45

constraint induced movement therapy

Answer 45

evidenced based intervention approach in stroke rehabilitation where the unaffected limb is restrained to facilitate functional use of affected limb

Question 46

mental practice / motor imagery

Answer 46

intervention approach used in rehabilitation where the client creates a mental image of a desired movement and imagines performing the motion without actually moving the body part

Question 47

edema management

Answer 47

methods used to reduce interstitial accumulation of fluid in the extremities secondary to surgery trauma or a disease process may include ``` limb elevation cryotherapy compression retrograde massage manual edema mobilization purposeful activity movement ```

Question 48

trunk stability

Answer 48

ability of the core musculature to maintain posture and stability influences the quality of movement of the extremities during acvities