Circadian Rhythms AO3

Question 1

✅ How has circadian rhythm research been applied to shift work?

Answer 1

USEFULNESS

Boivin et al. (1996) found reduced concentration around 6am (a circadian trough), when mistakes and accidents are more likely. This supports better shift scheduling to enhance productivity and safety, with economic benefits.

Question 2

✅ How has research influenced views on school start times?

Answer 2

Wolfson & Carskadon (1998) and the Adolescent Sleep Working Group (2014) recommend later school starts due to teens’ natural delayed sleep phase. Benefits include better academic performance and reduced caffeine use

Question 3

❌ What are practical concerns about changing school start times?

Answer 3

Although later start times benefit students, they can be disruptive for parents and teachers, reduce after-school activities, and teens may still stay up later, negating the benefits.

Question 4

❌ How do individual differences affect findings in circadian studies?

Answer 4

Czeisler et al. (1999) found circadian cycles can range from 13 to 65 hours. Duffy (2001) found natural “larks” and “owls”, plus age differences, meaning findings may not be universally applicable.