Synaptic Transmission And Drugs Flashcards
(7 cards)
What are the 6 AO1 points you should know for synaptic transmission and drugs?
-synaptic transmission basics
- two main drug effects on synaptic transmission
-SSRIs and serotonin in OCD
-Antipsychotics and dopamine in schizophrenia
-linking drugs to neurotransmitter imbalances
-relevance to treatment and neuroscience
What is synaptic transmission?
Synaptic transmission is the process by which neurons communicate. An electrical impulse travels down the presynaptic neuron and triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These chemicals bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing the signal to continue.
How do drugs affect synaptic transmission?
Two main effects:
1. Increase neurotransmitter levels by blocking reuptake channels (e.g., SSRIs).
2. Decrease neurotransmitter levels by blocking receptor sites (e.g., antipsychotics).
These actions alter how much neurotransmitter is available to influence the postsynaptic neuron.
How do SSRIs work in treating OCD?
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) block serotonin reuptake channels, increasing the amount of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. This enhances serotonin binding with the postsynaptic neuron, reducing symptoms of OCD, which is associated with low serotonin levels.
How do antipsychotic drugs treat schizophrenia?
Antipsychotics block dopamine receptors, stopping dopamine from binding and activating the postsynaptic neuron. This reduces overstimulation caused by excess dopamine, which is linked to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g., hallucinations, delusions).
How do these drugs support the biological approach?
Both SSRIs and antipsychotics provide evidence for the biological explanation of mental disorders. They show that neurotransmitter imbalances (like low serotonin or high dopamine) play a significant role in conditions like OCD and schizophrenia.
What is the real-world importance of understanding synaptic transmission?
Understanding synaptic transmission has led to the development of effective drug therapies for mental disorders. It also strengthens the position of psychology as a science and offers practical applications in neuroscience and clinical treatment.
