Circulation Flashcards

(120 cards)

0
Q

Circulation is so important in higher organisms that if the heart stops beating ____ will occur

A

Death

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1
Q

Multicellular organisms rely on ____ _____ to bring nutrients to and take wastes away from

A

Circulatory system

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2
Q

Circulatory system consists of the ___ and ______

A

Heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

The heart is a four chambered organ that is made up of mostly ____ that allows it too contract and relax, pumping blood to our blood vessels

A

Muscles ( cardiac)

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4
Q

The _____ ______ are used to transport the blood from the heart to the tissues and then back to the heart

A

Blood vessels

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5
Q

_____ _______ carry blood from the heart to the tissues ( arteries and arterioles) and then back to the heart ( veins and venules)

A

Blood vessels

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6
Q

_____ connect the arterioles to venules, and exchange material with the tissues

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart

A

Away

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8
Q

Veins carry blood _____ the heart

A

Towards

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9
Q

Most arteries contain ____ blood

A

Oxygenated

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10
Q

Most veins carry ____ blood

A

Deoxygenated

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11
Q

What are the two exceptions?

A

Pulmonary and umbilical arteries- deoxygenated blood away

Pulmonary and umbilical veins - oxygenated blood towards the heart

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12
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries/ arterioles
Veins/ venules
Capillaries

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13
Q

Arteries carry blood ____ the heart

A

Away

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14
Q

Arteries are thick walled they have ___ layers

A

3

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15
Q

Arteries layers are made of ___ ___ elastic figures and supporting tissue

A

Smooth muscle

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16
Q

Middle layer is composed of ____ and gives the arteries ____ and allows them to _____ and dialate

A

Muscle

Contract

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17
Q

The elastic fibres in arteries allow them to ____ and _____ or pulse

A

Stretch

Contract

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18
Q

Relating to arteries connects to arteries/arterioles which lead to capillaries

A

Arterial

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19
Q

Hardening of the arteries

A

Arteriosclerosis/ atherosclerosis

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20
Q

Related to do with atrium and ventricle

A

Atrioventricular

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21
Q

One of two blood collection chambers in the heart

A

Atrium/atria

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22
Q

A collection of blood vessels -to fill tissue or organ

A

Capillary bed

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23
Q

A complete heartbeat

A

Cardiac cycle

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24
Transverse cut through a structure or tissue
Cross sectional area
25
Part of cardiac cycle when the heart refills with blood-relaxed
Diastole
26
Minimum arterial pressure during relaxation
Diastolic blood pressure
27
Liver/ relating to liver
Hepatic
28
When blood flow stops ( heart)
Heart attack
29
High blood pressure
Hypertension
30
Low blood pressure
Hypotension
31
Natural heartbeat
Intrinsic heartbeat
32
Muscular tissue of heart
Myocardium
33
Placed in chest or abdomen to control abnormal heart rhythms
Pacemaker
34
Organ that connects to developing fetus to uterine wall
Placenta
35
Carries deoxygenated blood away from heat for nutrients and circulated back to lungs
Pulmonary circulation
36
Arterial palpitation
Pulse
37
Kidney
Renal
38
Blood flow stops in brain
Stroke
39
Carries oxygenated blood away from heart (left side)
Systematic circulation
40
Period of contraction of ventricles in heart , contracts
Systole
41
The highest pressure when heart beats
Systolic blood pressure
42
Body/ bodies network of blood vessels
Vascular
43
Deoxygenate blood from peripheral vessels through venous system
Venous veins
44
Arteries branch into ___ which are smaller branches of arteries
Arterioles
45
Veins carry blood ______ the heart
Towards
46
Venules drain blood from the ________ and the join to form a vein
Capillaries
47
Veins have no thick middle layer of ____ or ______muscle, therefore they have no _______
Elastin, smooth, no blood pressure
48
Veins have _____ which allow blood to flow only _____ the heart when they are open
Valves, towards
49
The valves in veins prevent ______ of blood when they are closed
Back flow
50
----- muscle contractions along the ______ help return the blood back to the heart
Skeletal, valves
51
______branch from the arteries into a network of vessels that increase the -----
Capillaries , surface area
52
They are a network of very narrow vessels that are used for exchange of ----- and _______
Nutrients , wastes
53
What is nutrients made out of in circulation
O2 and glucose
54
Waste in circulTion
Co2 and nh3
55
Capillaries are only ___ _____ layer thick to allow for optimal diffusion and transport across the wall
One cell
56
Capillaries have ______ muscles which encircle the entrance to each capillary so that blood flow to different areas of the body can be controlled at any one side
Sphincter
57
Pulmonary circulation is the blood flow to and from the ____, it takes place on the -____ side of the heart
Lungs, right
58
Systematic circulation takes place to and from the ---- and is on the ----- side of the heart
Body , left
59
The aorta is a major ___
Artery
60
The vena cava is a major
Vein
61
Arteries are ______
Oxygenated
62
Veins are _____
Deoxygenated
63
What are the major arteries
Aorta (ascending and descending) carotid, pulmonary, subclavian, renal , iliac , coronary, mesentary
64
What are the major veins
Vena cava ( superior and inferior) jugular, pulmonary, subclavian , renal,iliac, coronary , hepatic portal
65
Top part of heart -
Right and left atrium
66
Bottom part of heart-
Right and left ventricles
67
Artery From the heart and branches into all other major arterys
Aorta (descending and ascending)
68
Artery from the heart to the head
Carotid
69
Artery that is deoxygenated from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary
70
Artery from the heart to arms
Subclavian
71
Artery from the heart to kidneys
Renal
72
Artery from the heart to legs
Illiac
73
Arteries from the heart to the heart muscle
Coronary
74
Artery from the heart to small intestines
Mesentary
75
Vein from the bodies major veins to the heart
Vena cava inferior and superior
76
Vein from head to heart
Jugular
77
Deoxygenated Vein from lung to heart
Pulmonary
78
Vein from the arms to the heart
Subclavian
79
Vein from the kidneys to the heart
Renal
80
Vein from the legs to the heart
Iliac
81
Vein from the heart muscle to the heart
Coronary
82
Vein from the small intestine to the liver
Hepatic portal vein
83
The heart is a very muscular organ about the size of a ____
Fist
84
The ______ is the major portion of the heart and is composed of ____ muscle
Myocardium
85
The heart is covered by the _____
Pericardium
86
The pericardium is composed of
Epithelial and fibrous tissues
87
The pericardium forms the ______ sac and _____the heart and is filled with _____ liquid
Pericardial, encloses, lubricating
88
The heart acts as two separate pumps: the right side is the ----- side and pumps blood to the ___
Pulmonary, lungs
89
The left side is _______ and pumps blood to the rest of the _______
Systematic, body
90
A thick wall called the ____ separates the two sides
Septem
91
The left ventricle is the ---- part of the heart
Strongest
92
Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood never ___
Mix
93
The heartbeat has two phases ____ contractions and _____ contractions
Atrial and ventricle
94
The heart beat is_____because the heart beats without nerves telling it what to do
Intrinsic
95
The ____ sends out automatic signals to make the ----- contract
As node, Atria
96
The ____ receives the signal from the sa node and sends signal along special fiberes called the ____
Av node, av bundle
97
------- send electrical signal to ventricles causing them to contract
Purkinje fibres
98
The heart rate is how many _____ per ____
Beat , minute
99
The heart rate is controlled by the ------- system
Nervous
100
The medulla obolongata is the control center for the heart this can ---- up or ________ ---- the heart rate
Speed up , slow down
101
What are the factors that affect the heart rate
Stress, oxygen levels, and blood pressure
102
A pulse is the _____ and ______ of an arterial wall.
Expanding and recoiling
103
Systolic blood pressure is the ______ arterial pressure occurs when ----
Highest, contracting
104
Diastole is the ___ pressure occurs when ____
Lowest , relaxing
105
What is used to measure blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer / blood pressure cuff
106
There are two sides of capillaries what are they
Arteriole and venous
107
Blood pressure try's to _____ molecules ______ the blood
Push, out
108
Osmotic pressure try's to ----- molecules _____ blood
Push , into
109
Osmotic pressure is ______
Constant
110
Blood pressure ____ around a capillary bed
Varies
111
Arterial side of capillaries , the ____ is _____ than the somatic pressure
Blood pressure , Higher
112
On the arterial side of the capillary O2 and a.a tend to ______ the blood in a process called ______ large substance ______
Leave , diffusion, stay
113
On the venous side of a capillary the ___ is ___ than the somatic pressure
Blood pressure, lower
114
On the venous side, things tend to. ____ the blood due to. _____ ------ pressure.
Enter , low osmotic pressure.
115
Osmotic pressure is caused by _____ ______ _______ found in blood
Salt, plasma protein
116
Hypertension is ____
High blood pressure
117
Hypotension is ____
Low blood pressure
118
What are some circulatory diseases and disorders?
Hypotension , hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, thrombus, embolus, varicose veins, hemorrhoid, phlebitis
119
A fetus gets all of its oxygen and nutrients through the_____
Umbilical cord