Circulatory Physiology

Question 1

○ Transports blood out of the heart
○ Receives the blood from the heart
○ Elastic

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

Transports blood back from the heart
○ Have valves - formed by tunica intima
○ Some veins are valveless - Pulmonary vein

Answer 2

Veins

Question 3

Counterpart of arterioles
■ Receives blood from capillaries
■ Carries deoxygenated blood

Answer 3

Venules

Question 4

T or F
An increase of HR, increases cardiac output

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

• the amount of blood pumped by the
  heart per minute

Answer 5

Cardiac Output

Question 6

the amount of blood pumped by the heart
for each contraction

Answer 6

Stroke Volume

Question 7

blood returned to the heart, the amount
of cardiac output

Answer 7

Venous Return

Question 8

Should blood vessels have a high capacitance?

Answer 8

No, because blood continuously flow into your blood vessels
○ Your venous system is 8 times more distensible, why your veins are the blood reservoir

Question 9

Increase in tissue metabolism causes increase in
blood flow due to an increase demand for
oxygen and nutrients

Answer 9

Acute Control

Question 10

Blood vessels valves produces dilator
substances
● A decrease in oxygen causes an increase of
vasodilator substances - histamine,
potassium ions, hydrogen ions

Answer 10

Vasodilator Theory

Question 11

Absence of oxygen causes vasodilation
● No oxygen, no ATP, no energy, no
contraction
● A lack of glucose, you don’t have anything
to breakdown for energy

Answer 11

Oxygen Theory or Nutrient theory

Question 12

Increase arterial pressure, increases oxygen
■ Vasodilator substances decreases due to the increase of oxygen since they are washed out by the increase in blood flow

Answer 12

Metabolic Theory

Question 13

A sudden stretch of your small blood vessels cause by an increased blood pressure
■ This causes more stretch for your small blood vessels to contract - an intrinsic response of muscles

Answer 13

Myogenic Theory

Question 14

• a vasodilator, increasing blood vessels, increasing blood flow

Answer 14

Nitric oxide

Question 15

T or F
When your blood is thick, their is an increase of shear stress because it can tear, releasing endothelin damaging the
endothelium - the Intimal Injury

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

is a powerful vasoconstrictor, it is released in response to an intimal injury

Answer 16

Endothelin

Question 17

There is a formation of new channels
● Allows at least partial release of blood in tissues

Answer 17

Collateral Circulation

Question 18

Pressure within your arteries every heartbeat

Answer 18

Systolic Blood Pressure

Question 19

Pressure within your artery when your heart is at rest

Answer 19

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Question 20

Difference of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure
○ Normal is at 120/80

Answer 20

Pulse Pressure

Question 21

Greater the stroke volume, ___amount of blood
that must be accommodated in every heartbeat

Answer 21

Greater the stroke volume, greater amount of blood
that must be accommodated in every heartbeat

Question 22

The __the compliance, the greater the rise of
pressure pumped into the arteries
○ Lesser factor we consider is the character of ejection
of the heart during systole

Answer 22

The lesser the compliance, the greater the rise of
pressure pumped into the arteries
○ Lesser factor we consider is the character of ejection
of the heart during systole

Question 23

Type of heart valve disease or valvular heart disease
○ The valve narrows and doesn’t open fully, wherein blood decreases and blocks to blood flow in the heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body

Answer 23

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Question 24

A persistent opening between the two major blood
vessels
○ A normal part of the baby’s circulatory system
○ If it remains open after birth, it’s Patent Ductus
Arteriosus
○ The blood flows backward, the diastolic pressure falls
very low before the next heartbeat

Answer 24

Ductus Arteriosus

Question 25

Occurs when your heart aortic valve doesn’t close
tightly, results to a backflow of blood to the left
ventricle
○ Aortic valve is absent, therefore, the blood flows
immediately back and the aortic pressure falls all the
way to 0

Answer 25

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 26

What will happen if If RAP increase above its normal value 0mmHg,

Answer 26

the blood begins to back up in the large veins

Question 27

T or F
If RA pressure is greater as high as 4 to 6 mmHg, their
will be a rise in peripheral venous pressure in the limbs
and elsewhere

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

More than __% of blood is in the veins , there will be a
greater compliance of the venous system

Answer 28

60%

Question 29

Source of blood
○ Spleen -
○ Liver -
○ Large Abdominal Veins -
○ Venous plexus beneath the skin
○ Heart and lungs -

Answer 29

Source of blood
○ Spleen - can decrease in size
○ Liver - they have sinuses
○ Large Abdominal Veins - contributes as much as 300 microliters of blood
○ Venous plexus beneath the skin
○ Heart and lungs - main contributor