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SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY > Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

For the blood drainage of the lungs, they communicate with the pulmonary veins and to the ___ veins and ___vein going back to your inferior vena cava

A

azygos veins and hemiazygos vein

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1
Q

Blood supply for the bronchi, connective tissues, and visceral pleura comes from ____ - they are branches of the descending aorta

A

Bronchial Arteries

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2
Q

T or F
Blood supply for the ventricles receives from the pulmonary arteries and their drainage is at the pulmonary veins

A

FALSE
Blood supply for the alveoli receives from the pulmonary arteries and their drainage is at the pulmonary veins

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3
Q

Alveoli are nourished through ___, they get oxygen from their surroundings since ___ happens to them

A

Alveoli are nourished through diffusion, they get oxygen from their surroundings since gas exchange happens to them

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3
Q

Why is the hydrostatic pressure at the level of the heart less than the hydrostatic pressure in the lowermost portion of the lungs?

A

due to the systolic and diastolic pressure present here - this is the second case

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4
Q

Why does vasoconstriction occur?

A

Vasoconstriction occurs due to sensitivity to vasoconstriction substances and there will be a decrease vasodilator substances

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4
Q

The alveoli are best oxygenated, if there is a decreased oxygen for alveoli, what will happen?

A

hypoxia occurs and the other normal alveolus, the blood vessels that supply the alveolus will vasoconstrict

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5
Q

For the areas with ___ oxygen, they will vasoconstrict for the blood to reroute in the oxygenated alveolus

A

For the areas with low oxygen, they will vasoconstrict for the blood to reroute in the oxygenated alveolus

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6
Q

T or F
The alveolar pressure is greater than capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

TRUE

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6
Q

The hydrostatic pressure at the level of the ___ is less than the hydrostatic pressure in the lowermost portion of the lungs due to the systolic and diastolic pressure present here - this is the second case

A

heart

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7
Q

What zone occurs at the level of the heart?

A

Zone 2

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7
Q

(in zone 1),
In the uppermost portion in lungs, why are they hyperinflated?

A

because air is lighter than fluid so the air goes up

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8
Q

In zone 2 when does this occur?
Systolic bp is greater than the alveolar air pressure
Alveolar air pressure is less than the capillary hydrostatic pressure wherein blood and oxygenation occurs

A

o During cardiac systole

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8
Q

In zone 2. when does this occur?
 Alveolar air pressure is now greater than the capillary hydrostatic pressure
 This time no blood occurs because of the compression of capillaries

A

o During cardiac diastole

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9
Q

T or F
During heavy exercise there is an increase blood flow to the lungs

A

TRUE

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9
Q

In the lowermost portion, hydrostatic pressure is ?

A

In the lowermost portion, hydrostatic pressure is high

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10
Q

T or F
in zone 4, The alveolar air pressure is less than the hydrostatic pressure

A

FALSE
In zone 3, The alveolar air pressure is less than the hydrostatic pressure

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10
Q

Function of Pleural Fluid

A

o Provide lubrication during inspiration and expiration
o It keeps the two membranes adherent to each other

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11
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

increase in volume, decrease in pressure

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11
Q

Covers the surfaces of the pleura as a thin film and permits the parietal and visceral pleura to move on each other with minimum friction

A

Pleural Fluid

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12
Q

o accumulation of water in the lungs

A

Hydrothorax

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12
Q

o accumulation of blood in the lungs

A

Hemothorax

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12
Q

accumulation of air in the lungs,
most common especially in rapidly growing individuals

A

Pneumothorax

13
Q

o accumulation of lymph fluid in the lungs

A

Chylothorax

13
Q

o Difference of the concentration of gasses in 2 different areas separated by a permeable membrane

A

The Concentration Gradient

13
Q

o This is the pressure exerted by individual gasses

A

Partial Pressure of Individual Gasses

14
Q

o Oxygen is ___% in the environment, and 78.1% nitrogen

A

o Oxygen is 20% in the environment, and 78.1% nitrogen

14
Q

o your lungs cannot anymore expand, here, the lungs is punched with a hole for the lungs to expand

A

Atelectasis or Lung Collapse

14
Q

What is the Law of Diffusion?

A

movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

14
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

each gasses in a mixture of gasses exerts its own pressure, which means that the atmospheric pressure is the summation of all gas pressure mixed together

14
Q

o The greater the distance for diffusion, the lesser the rate of diffusion of the gas, Why?

A

o Because it is a great distance for the molecules, it needs more time

15
Q

o Sputum in lungs can also cause?

A

o Sputum in lungs can also cause air trapping

16
Q

What does Henrry’s law state?

A

 states that solubility of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas - higher pressure, higher solubility coefficient

16
Q

Which is incorrect and why?
The velocity of kinetic movement of gas molecules is Directly proportional to the square root of the molecular weight
The greater the molecular weight, it is harder to diffuse since it needs more energy

A

Incorrect 1st statement bc:
The velocity of kinetic movement of gas molecules is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight

The greater the molecular weight, it is harder to diffuse since it needs more energy

17
Q

T or F
The greater the temperature, the greater the rate of diffusion

A

TRUE

17
Q

T or F
The concentration from the gas molecules are inversely proportional

A

FALSE
o The concentration from the gas molecules are directly proportional

17
Q

Factors that Determine the Partial Pressure of Gas in a Dissolved Fluid

A
  1. Concentration of Gas Molecules
  2. Solubility Coefficient
17
Q
A
17
Q

T or F
Those with higher solubility, has a higher rate of diffusion

A

TRUE

17
Q

T or F
The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to whatever it is the partial pressure of the gas in the blood

A

TRUE

17
Q

T or F
The lesser the cross-sectional area of the fluid, the greater the rate of diffusion

A

FALSE

17
Q

Factors that Determine the Rate of Diffusion of Gas into the Fluid

A
  1. Solubility of Gas to Fluid
  2. Cross-Sectional Area of the Fluid
  3. Distance for Diffusion
  4. Molecular Weight
  5. Temperature
17
Q

T or F
o The direction of net diffusion of the same gas but with different partial pressure between the alveoli and blood is dictated by the pressure gradient towards the lower gradient

A

true

17
Q

The solubility of gas fluid, the greater the solubility of gas, the greater the rate of __ since it mixes fast

A

Diffusion

18
Q

The greater the distance for diffusion, the lesser the rate of ___of the gas

A

Diffusion

19
Q

Alveolar ventilation rate

A
  • How much air for each breath is expelled
19
Q

o Oxygen in the alveolar air is constantly ?

A

o Oxygen in the alveolar air is constantly absorbed

19
Q

T or F
Oxygen also constantly diffuses out of the pulmonary blood

A

FALSE
o Carbon Dioxide also constantly diffuses out of the pulmonary blood

19
Q

o Air that we inspire is humidified since atmospheric air is dry by default thus the upper and lower respiratory tract does what??

A

 The upper and lower respiratory tract moisturizes or humidifies the air

20
Q

o What controls of alveolar oxygen and the partial pressure of the oxygen?

A

 The rate of oxygen absorption of capillarie
 The rate of entry of new oxygen into the alveoli via ventilation

20
Q

Importance of the slow renewal of alveolar air?

A

o It prevents sudden changes in gas concentrations in the blood to stabilize the respiratory control mechanisms and help prevent excessive increase and decrease in tissue oxygen, carbon dioxide, and changes in our blood pH
o For sudden changes to not occur which can determine if you are acidic because these control mechanisms will either increase or decrease the respiratory rate unlike your cardiovascular control mechanisms

20
Q

Nitrogen Narcosis’ signs and symptoms

A

o The diver feels hallucinations that feels like the diver is already in the surface but in reality, he’s still not

20
Q

CO2 decreases as the rate of ventilation ___ because your expire more CO2

A

CO2 decreases as the rate of ventilation increases because your expire more CO2

21
Q

T or F
Once CO2 is secreted by your cells, it is transported by blood towards the lungs and is removed by ventilation

A

TRUE

21
Q

What direction does carbon dioxide diffuse??

A

Carbon dioxide diffuse out since it is a waste product

21
Q

T or F
Alveolar is inversely proportional with increase in the rate of CO2 excretion by the capillaries

A

FALSE
 Alveolar is directly proportional with increase in the rate of CO2 excretion by the capillaries

22
Q
A

SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY (14 decks)

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