Circulatory/Respiratory

Question 1

Right Heart

Answer 1

Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward lungs)

Question 2

Left Heart

Answer 2

Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)

Question 3

Atria

Answer 3

Two upper chambers, thin-walled

Question 4

Ventricles

Answer 4

Two lower chambers, extremely muscular, force to drive blood

Question 5

Left Ventricle

Answer 5

More muscular than the right ventricle, responsible for generating the force that propels the systemic circulation, pumps against a higher resistance

Question 6

Hypertrophied

Answer 6

Enlarged left ventricle, leads to congestive heart failure

Question 7

Superior vena cava

Answer 7

Blood returns from the body through this cavity into the right atrium

Question 8

Blood-> Lungs

Answer 8

Superior vena cavity -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar vale -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs

Question 9

Lungs -> Blood

Answer 9

Pulmonary Veins -> Left Atrium -> bicuspid -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta

Question 10

Atrioventricular

Answer 10

Between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart, prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 11

Tricuspid

Answer 11

Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps

Question 12

Bicuspid

Answer 12

Valve on the left side of the heart has two cusps

Question 13

Systole

Answer 13

Period during which the ventricles contract, forcing blood out of the heart into the pulmonary and systemic circulation

Question 14

Diastole

Answer 14

Period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers

Question 15

Lacteals

Answer 15

Smallest lymphatic vessels, collect fat in chylomicrons, delivered into bloodstream

Question 16

Bundle of His

Answer 16

Branches into the right and left bundle branches

Question 17

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 17

Modifies the rate of heart contraction

Question 18

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 18

Secretion causes an increase in heart rate

Question 19

Arteries

Answer 19

Thick-walled, muscular elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 20

Veins

Answer 20

Thin-walled, inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 21

Capillaries

Answer 21

Smallest diameter of all three type of vessels, red-blood cells must often travel through them single file

Question 22

Plasma

Answer 22

Aqueous, non-cellular, salts, wastes, and proteins

Question 23

Leukocytes

Answer 23

WBCs, protection

Question 24

Platelets

Answer 24

Cell fragments, clotting

Question 25

Erythrocytes

Answer 25

RBCs, oxygen-carrying, hemoglobin, stem cell bone marrow (4 Fe)

Question 26

Antigens

Answer 26

Macronutrients, trigger response

Question 27

Intestinal Capillaries

Answer 27

Site of amino acids/sugars absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 28

Platelet Plug

Answer 28

Platelets release a chemical causing adhesion

Question 29

Thromboplastin

Answer 29

Ca2+, Vitamin K, convert inactive plasma prothrombin to thrombin

Question 30

Clotting Cascade

Answer 30

Prothrombin -> Thrombin -> Fibrinogen -> Fibrin -> Clot

Question 31

Respiratory System

Answer 31

Nose -> Pharynx -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli

Question 32

Alveoli

Answer 32

Gas exchange between the lungs and the circulatory system occurs across the very thin walls, moist respiratory surface, very large surface area

Question 33

Inhalation

Answer 33

The diaphragm contracts and flattens, and the external intercostal muscles contract, pushing the rib cage and chest wall up and out, increasing volume, reducing pressure, and causing lungs to expand

Question 34

Exhalation

Answer 34

Passive process, diaphragm relaxes, decreases volume, increases pressure, lungs deflate

Question 35

Surfactant

Answer 35

Protein complex secreted by the lungs, keeps the lungs from collapsing by decreasing surface tension in the alveoli

Question 36

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 36

Ventilation is regulated by neurons

Question 37

Chemoreceptors

Answer 37

Monitor oxygen blood levels, stimulate the respiratory center

Question 38

Pulmonary Capillaries

Answer 38

A dense network of minute blood vessels surrounds the alveoli

Question 39

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 39

Represents the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold

Question 40

Tidal Volume

Answer 40

The volume of air moved during a normal resting breath

Question 41

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 41

The volume of air that could be additionally inhaled into the lungs at the end of a normal, resting inhalation

Question 42

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 42

The volume of air left in the lungs at the end of a normal, resting exhalation

Question 43

Residual Volume

Answer 43

Air left in the lungs to keep the alveoli patent