Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OAT Biology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Neurons

A

Specialized nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuroglia

A

cells that support and protect the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dendrites

A

Cytoplasmic extensions that receive information and transmit it toward the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cell Body (stoma)

A

Contains the nucleus and controls the metabolic activity of the neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axon

A

Long cellular process that transmits impulses, action potentials, away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Between the cell body and axon, incoming signals are summed and can trigger an action potential down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Synaptic Terminals

A

Axons termination in swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Myelin

A

Prevents leakage of signal from the axons and allows for faster conduction of impluses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between the segments of myelin, where action potential actually propagates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

Hopping in the Nodes of Ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Glial cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system (Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neuron Polarization

A

At rest, there is an unequal distribution of ions between the inside and outside of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Resting Potential

A

-70 mV, negative inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the membrane potential maintained at rest?

A

Selective permeability of ions through the sodium/potassium pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Threshold Potential

A

-55 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Three Action Potential Phases

A

Depolarization, Repolarization, Hypepolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Depolarization

A

35 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

-75 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Refractory Period

A

A period of time after the action potential in which new action potentials are very difficult to initiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Faster Impulses

A

Greater myelination, greater diameter of the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

White Matter

A

Faster transmission times due to heavy myelination transmits across larger distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Grey Matter

A

Slower transmission times due to less myelination and is used for processing information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Presynaptic Neuron

A

Axon terminal of one neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Postsynaptic Neuron
Dendrites of the next neuron
26
Effector Cells
Neurons can communicate with these postsynaptic cells such as muscles or glands
27
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers in membrane-bound vesicles that can diffuse across the synapse and act on receptor proteins
28
Removal of Neurotransmitters
Uptake, Reused, Degraded, Diffuse
29
Afferent Neurons
Carry sensory information about the external or internal environment to the brain or spinal cord
30
Efferent Neurons
Carry motor commands from the brain or spinal cord to various parts of the body
31
Plexus
Network of nerve fibers
32
Ganglia
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the periphery and nuclei in the central nervous system
33
Neuroglia
Support and protect the specialized neuronal cells
34
Astrocytes (CNS)
Maintain integrity, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters
35
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Myelinate CNS axons
36
Microglia (CNS)
Remove cellular debris
37
Ependymal Cells (CNS)
Line the brain ventricles
38
Satellite Cells (PNS)
Surround the neuron cell bodies in the ganglia
39
Schwann Cells (PNS)
Enclose the axons in the PNS
40
Forebrain
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
41
Cerebral Cortex
Highly convoluted gray matter
42
Olfactory Bulb
Center for the reception of smells
43
Diencephalon
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
44
Thalamus
Relay and integration center for the spinal cord and cerebral cortex
45
Hypothalamus
Controls visceral functions, hunger, thirst, and endocrine system
46
Hindbrain
The posterior part that consists of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla
47
Cerebellum
Modulate motor impulses, balance, eye-hand
48
Pons
Relay center to allow cortex to communicate with the cerebellum
49
Medulla
Vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, gastrointestinal activity
50
Brainstem
Midbrain, pons, medulla
51
Dorsal Horn
Site of sensory information entering the spinal cord, all motor information exits through
52
Somatic Nervous System
Innervates skeletal muscles and is responsible for voluntary movement
53
Autonomic Nervous System
The involuntary nervous system, regulates the internal temperature, cardiac and smooth muscle, blood pressure control
54
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or Flight, Norepinephrine
55
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Rest and Digest, Vagus Nerve, Acetylcholine
56
Sclera
thick, opaque layer that covers the eye
57
Choroid
Supplies the retina with blood, dark pigment reduces reflection in the eye
58
Retina
Photoreceptors
59
Cornea
Transparent front of the eye that focuses light rays
60
Pupil
Opening that dilates and constricts
61
Iris
The pigmented muscle that controls the dilation and contraction of the pupil
62
Lens
Focuses the image onto the retina
63
Ciliary Muscle
Changes the shape and focal length of the lens
64
Vitreous Humor
Helps maintain the shape and optical properties of the eye
65
Aqueous Humor
A watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea
66
Cones
Respond to high-intensity illumination and are sensitive to color, three pigments to absorb red, green, and blue
67
Rods
Detect low-intensity illumination for night vision, one single wavelength
68
Macula
Central section of the retina, high concentration of cones
69
Fovea
Section of the macula that contains only cones, best for visual acuity
70
Optic Nerve
Bipolar cells, ganglion cells, transmits the visual information to the brain
71
Pinna
Outer ear
72
External Auditory Canal
Focuses sound waves toward the eardrum
73
Tympanic Membrane
Boundary between the outer and middle ear

OAT Biology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions