circulatory system

Question 1

what type of circulatory system do invertebrates have

Answer 1

open

Question 2

what is the fluid in invertebrates

Answer 2

hemolymph

Question 3

describe a closed circulatory system

Answer 3

distinct circulatory fluid is enclosed in blood vessels and transported to and from the heart

Question 4

describe a fish heart

Answer 4

it is a true, two-chambered heart

Question 5

what do the two chambers in a fish’s heart do?

Answer 5

the first chamber is the sinus venous and atrium, and it pumps blood to the heart
the second chamber is the ventricle and conus arteriosus and it pumps blood from the heart

Question 6

what type of circulatory system do fish have

Answer 6

a single circulatory system

Question 7

what type of circulatory system to amphibians have?

Answer 7

double circulatory system

Question 8

what does pulmonary circulation do?

Answer 8

moves blood between the heart and lungs

Question 9

what does systemic circulation do?

Answer 9

moves blood between the heart and body

Question 10

what type of heart do amphibians have and what does it contain

Answer 10

three-chambered, with two atria and one ventricle

Question 11

true or false: oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix at all in amphbians

Answer 11

false, they mix somewhat

Question 12

how do amphibians get additional oxygen

Answer 12

cutaneous respiration

Question 13

what reduces the mixing of blood in reptiles

Answer 13

a septum

Question 14

what type of heart do mammals, birds, and crocodilians have?

Answer 14

a four-chambered heart with two separate ventricles and atria

Question 15

what does the right atrium do?

Answer 15

it receives deoxygenated blood from the body, and delivers it to the right ventricle to move it to the lungs

Question 16

what does the left atrium do?

Answer 16

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, delivers it to the left ventricle, and pumps it to the body

Question 17

when do the valves open and close

Answer 17

in rest/diastole and in conctraction/systole

Question 18

what is the aorta and its branches

Answer 18

systematic artiers

Question 19

what does a single loop circulation look like?

Answer 19

Question 20

what does a double loop circulation look like?

Answer 20

Question 21

______ carries blood to the heart, and _______ carries blood from the heart

Answer 21

veins, arteries

Question 22

what does the pumping in the heart

Answer 22

the ventricle

Question 23

what do arteries do?

Answer 23

carry oxygenated blood to the body from the left ventricle

Question 24

what drains the upper and lower body respectively

Answer 24

the superior and inferior vena cava

Question 25

where do the vena cavas drain?

Answer 25

into the right atrium

Question 26

how many valves do the heart have? what are they called?

Answer 26

two; tricuspid (right) and bicuspid (left)

Question 27

what do the atrioventricular valves do?

Answer 27

guard the opening between the atria and ventricles

Question 28

when do the semilunar valves do?

Answer 28

guard the exit from the ventricles to the arteries

Question 29

what side is the pulmonary valve on? the aortic valve?

Answer 29

right, left

Question 30

how is arterial blood pressure measured

Answer 30

a sphygmomanometer

Question 31

what is systolic pressure

Answer 31

the peak pressure that ventricles contract

Question 32

what is diastolic pressure

Answer 32

the minimum pressure between heartbeats where ventricles relax

Question 33

how is blood pressure measured

Answer 33

systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure

Question 34

how does blood leave the heart?

Answer 34

through the arteries

Question 35

where does blood go after entering the arterioles

Answer 35

the capillaries

Question 36

after capillaries, where does the blood go?

Answer 36

into the venules, then veins

Question 37

where do the veins take the blood

Answer 37

the heart

Question 38

blood leaves the heart through the ______, which is taken to the ______, to the _______, to the _____, to the ______, and finally back to the heart

Answer 38

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Question 39

what are arteries and veins made out of

Answer 39

endothelium, elastic fibers, smooth muscle, and connective tissue.

Question 40

what are capillaries and what do they do

Answer 40

a single layer of epithelial cells; allow rapid exchange of gases and metabolites between blood and body cells

Question 41

arteries can ______ to ________ blood flow

Answer 41

contract, decrease

Question 42

what can chronic vasoconstriction result in?

Answer 42

hypertension/high blood pressure

Question 43

describe the blood flow in a heart

Answer 43

Question 44

which ventricle is stonger and why

Answer 44

the left, because it has to push the blood throughout the entire body

Question 45

where does diffusion occur?

Answer 45

capillaries

Question 46

how do blood cells move through capillaries

Answer 46

single file

Question 47

what makes fenestrated capillaries special

Answer 47

they have needle point holes which allow diffusion to happen faster

Question 48

what makes sinusoid capillaries special

Answer 48

they have very large holes for fast diffusion

Question 49

what does vasoconstriction do?

Answer 49

increases resistance and decreases blood flow

Question 50

what does vasodilation do?

Answer 50

decreases resistance, and increases blood flow

Question 51

describe what happens in the right side of the heart (6 steps)

Answer 51

unoxygenated blood flows from the superior vena cava flows into the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and out of the pulmonary artery and into the lungs

Question 52

describe what happens on the left side of the heart (six steps)

Answer 52

``` oxygenated blood flows into the pulmonary vein flows into the left atrium through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle through the aortic valve and into the aorta ```