Circulatory system 🗸

Question 1

Circulatory system

Answer 1

made of the cardiovasular system, and lymphatic system

Question 2

Cardiovascular system

Answer 2

made of the arterial system, the heart and the venous system

Question 3

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

from the right of the heart
to the lungs
to the left side if the heart

Question 4

Systemic circulation

Answer 4

from the left side of the heart
to the capillary beds of tissues and organs
to the right side of the heart

Question 5

Epicardium

Answer 5

most outer layer of the heart, visceral serous pericardium

Question 6

Myocardium

Answer 6

middle layer of the heart, cardiac muscle layer

Question 7

Endocardium

Answer 7

the inner layer of the heart, continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels connecting with the heart

Question 8

The four cardiac valves

Answer 8

pulmonary valve
tricuspid valve
mitral (bicuspid) valve
aortic valve

Question 9

Pulmonary valve

Answer 9

at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

Question 10

Tricuspid valve

Answer 10

between the right atrium and ventricle

Question 11

Mitral (Bicuspid) valve

Answer 11

going into the left atrium from the pulmonary vein

Question 12

Aortic valve

Answer 12

between the left ventricle and atrium

Question 13

The conduction system of the heart

Answer 13

Initiates and propagates rhythmic depolarisation, which results in rhythmic cardiac muscle contractions

Question 14

First step of Conduction system

Answer 14

electrical impulse starts at the sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 15

Second step of Conduction system

Answer 15

Impulse travels down the atrioventricular (AV) septum to the AV node

Question 16

third step of conduction system

Answer 16

impulse travels down the left and right bundles of the interventricular septum

Question 17

fourth step of conduction system

Answer 17

impulse spreads out to the myocardium through the conductive fibres and the ventricles contract

Question 18

Outer layer if blood vessels

Answer 18

tunica adventitia, connective tissues

Question 19

middle layer of blood vessels

Answer 19

tunica media, elastic fibres and smooth muscles

Question 20

inner layer of blood vessels

Answer 20

tunica intima, endothelium

Question 21

Sympathetic tone

Answer 21

a background low level of contractions from the smooth muscles in arterioles

Question 22

Anastomoses

Answer 22

arteries connect to each other without a capillary network

Question 23

Anastomoses provide an alternative route, why?

Answer 23

To supple cells that are distal to an arterial occlusion (end of an artery)

Question 24

What are alternative routes by anastomoses called?

Answer 24

Collateral

Question 25

End artery

Answer 25

the only arterial blood supply for an area of the body

Question 26

Infarction

Answer 26

The irreversible cell death due to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by the loss of arterial blood being supplied to the area

Question 27

Why does infarction happy

Answer 27

Untreated occlusion of an end artery

Question 28

Where do the left and right coronary arteries of the aorta supply blood to?

Answer 28

The heart muscle

Question 29

Where do the arch branches of the aorta supply blood to?

Answer 29

The upper limbs and head

Question 30

Where does the descending aorta supply blood to?

Answer 30

the thorax and abdomen

Question 31

What does the abdominal aorta branch into within the abdomen?

Answer 31

Iliac arteries that supply blood to the pelvis and lower limbs

Question 32

Where are the coronary arteries?

Answer 32

At the bottom of the ascending aorta, on the right of the heart

Question 33

What two types of artery branch of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 33

The subclavian artery and the common carotid artery

Question 34

How does venous blood return to the heart?

Answer 34

Venous valves skeletal muscle oumpx accompanying veins

Question 35

What are the four structures of the venous system?

Answer 35

Superficial veins deep veins hepatic portal venous system systemic venous system

Question 36

Superficial veins

Answer 36

smaller, run within he superficial fascia, drain into deep veins

Question 37

deep veins

Answer 37

larger, run to the deep fascia in cavities, often in neurovascular bundles

Question 38

Hepatic portal venous system

Answer 38

Drains venous blood from GI Tract and associated veins to clean

Question 39

Systemic venous system

Answer 39

drains all venous blood into the vena cavae

Question 40

What do lymphatic capillaries collect?

Answer 40

tissue fluid called lymph

Question 41

Where does lymph travel to in order to drain into the body

Answer 41

The thoracic duct and lymphatic duct

Question 42

lymph from superficial lymphatics goes?

Answer 42

to the deep lymphatics

Question 43

lymph from the right lymphatic duct goes to?

Answer 43

the right venous angle

Question 44

lymph from the thoracic duct (left) goes to?

Answer 44

the left venous angle