Introduction to the Nervous System

Question 1

Notable anatomy of a neuron

Answer 1

axon, body, dendrites, myelin sheath

Question 2

Ganglion

Answer 2

collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

Question 3

Tract

Answer 3

bundles of axons around CNS

Question 4

Nerve

Answer 4

Bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 5

Modalities of axons

Answer 5

Somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
visceral afferent
sympathetic
parasympathetic

Question 6

Modalities of the spinal nerve and branches

Answer 6

somatic motor, somatic sensory and sympathetic

Question 7

Cranial nerves

Answer 7

mixed

Question 8

motor (efferent)

Answer 8

action potential goes towards the body wall, cavity or organ

Question 9

Sensory (afferent)

Answer 9

action potential towards the brain

Question 10

Features of the spinal cord

Answer 10

Connects with the brain
passes through the foramen magnum
protected by the vertebral column

Question 11

The four segments of the spinal cord

Answer 11

cervical (C1-C7)
thoracic (T1-T12)
Lumber (L1xL5)
Sacral (S1-S5) and coccygeal (Co)

Question 12

Where are the two enlargements on the spinal cord?

Answer 12

Cervical and Lumbosacral

Question 13

Why are there enlargements?

Answer 13

Innervation and control of limbs

Question 14

The _____ and _____ nerve roots descend and form the _____ _____

Answer 14

Lumbar, Sacral, Cauda equina

Question 15

Feature near L1&2

Answer 15

Conud Medullaris

Question 16

PNS

Answer 16

Peripheral nervous system

Question 17

peripheral nervous system

Answer 17

nerve tissue outwith the CNS

Question 18

Peripheral nerves

Answer 18

Bundles of axons wrapped by connective tissue, travelling to/from same structure

Question 19

Spinal nerves

Answer 19

connects with spinal cord

Question 20

Cranial nerve

Answer 20

connect with brain

Question 21

Autonomic nerves

Answer 21

innervate organs, smooth muscle and glands

Question 22

Autonomic nerve examples

Answer 22

Visceral afferents, sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves

Question 23

where do spinal nerves connect?

Answer 23

spinal cord, bilaterally, 31 pairs

Question 24

how are spinal nerves named?

Answer 24

after the vertebrate above it, except when they’e in the cervical region, where theyre named after the vertebrate below

Question 25

where do spinal nerves supply?

Answer 25

the soma (body wall)

Question 26

where are the spinal nerves located?

Answer 26

in the intervertebral foramen

Question 27

where do the nerves connect after the IV foramen

Answer 27

the structures of the soma via the rami the spinal cord via roots and rootlets

Question 28

posterior rami

Answer 28

supply small posterior strip of the soma

Question 29

Anterior

Answer 29

supply the remainder of the posterior part, the lateral and anterior parts of the strips of soma

Question 30

where else does the anterior rami supply (via the plexus)

Answer 30

all limbs via the plexus (networks of intertwined anterior rami

Question 31

cervical plexus

Answer 31

C1-C4 anterior rami supplies the posterior scalp, neck and diaphragm

Question 32

Brachial plexus

Answer 32

C5-T1 anterior rami supplies the upper limb

Question 33

Lumbar plexus

Answer 33

L1-L4 anterior rami supplies thr lower lim

Question 34

Sacral plexus

Answer 34

L5-S4 anterior supplies the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

Question 35

Dermatome

Answer 35

area of skin supplied by both the anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve (with exceptions to thr limbs)

Question 36

T4 dermatome

Answer 36

nipple

Question 37

T10 dermatome

Answer 37

umbilicus

Question 38

Cranial Nerves

Answer 38

CN I-XII Sensory Motor or Both

Question 39

C I

Answer 39

Olfactory Nerve Sensory (Special)

Question 40

CN II

Answer 40

Optic Nerve Sensory (Special)

Question 41

CN III

Answer 41

Oculomotor Nerve Motor

Question 42

CN IV

Answer 42

Trochlear Nerve Motor

Question 43

CN V

Answer 43

Trigeminal Nerve Both

Question 44

CN VI

Answer 44

Abducent Nerve Motor

Question 45

CN VII

Answer 45

Facial Nerve Both

Question 46

CN IX

Answer 46

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Both

Question 47

CN X

Answer 47

Vagus Nerve Both

Question 48

CN XI

Answer 48

Spinal accessory nerve Motor

Question 49

CN XII

Answer 49

Hypoglossal Nerve Motor

Question 50

Soma

Answer 50

the body wall including the head, neck, chest and back wall, diaphragm, abdominal and pelvis wall and the limbs

Question 51

three sensory receptors

Answer 51

mechanoreceptors thermoreceptors nociceptors

Question 52

mechanoreceptors

Answer 52

coarse and fine touch, vibration, proprioception

Question 53

thermoreceptors

Answer 53

temperatures

Question 54

Nociceptors

Answer 54

pain (sharp, stabbing, well localised)

Question 55

Somatic sensation pathway to the brain

Answer 55

sensory receptor stimulated anterior ramus plexus dorsal root ganglion dorsal root dorsal rootlet posteriot horn cross over midline and action potential ascends towards brain

Question 56

Motor innervation pathway to skeletal muscle