Diversity of Cells and Their Function 🗸

Question 1

haematoxylin

Answer 1

stains acidic molecules purple

Question 2

Eosin

Answer 2

stains basic molecules pink

Question 3

Epithelium

Answer 3

Covers the surfaces of the body, lines hollow organs and forms glands

Question 4

What is the basal lamina?

Answer 4

the basement membrane
a thin layer of specialised extracellular material between the basal surface (bottom) of epithelial cells and underlying tissues

Question 5

Is the epithelium vascular?

Answer 5

No, non-vascular

Question 6

Are the epithelium cells polarised or non-polarised

Answer 6

polarised, the apical and basal sides differ

Question 7

apical side of the epithelium

Answer 7

faces the lumen of a tube of the external environment

Question 8

basal side of the epithelium

Answer 8

attaches to the basement membrane

Question 9

6 functions of the epithelium

Answer 9

Mechanical barrier
Chemical barrier
Absorption
Secretion
Containment
Locomotion

Question 10

Three cell shapes of the epithelium

Answer 10

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 11

Squamous shaped epithelium

Answer 11

flattened

Question 12

cuboidal shaped epithelium

Answer 12

cube

Question 13

columnar shaped epithelium

Answer 13

tall and thin

Question 14

Three layers of epithelium

Answer 14

Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified

Question 15

simple layered epithelium

Answer 15

one layer

Question 16

stratified layered epithelium

Answer 16

2 or more layers

Question 17

pseudostratified layered epithelium

Answer 17

multiple layers all in contact with basal lamina

Question 18

Three types of cell/tissue surface specialisations

Answer 18

Microvilli
Cilia
Keratinized

Question 19

An example of specialised cell types

Answer 19

Goblet cells

Question 20

What are the two types of glandular epithelia

Answer 20

Endocrine
Exocrine

Question 21

endocrine glandular epithelia

Answer 21

product is secreted towards basal end and distributed by vascular system, ductless

Question 22

exocrine glandular epithelia

Answer 22

product secreted towards apical end, ducted

Question 23

Three types of connective tissues

Answer 23

Soft connective tissue
Hard connective tissue
blood and lymph

Question 24

Soft connective tissue

Answer 24

tendons and ligaments
loose or dense (regular and irregular)

Question 25

loose soft connective tissue

Answer 25

loosely packed fibres separated by ground substance

Question 26

Dense soft connective fibres

Answer 26

densely packed bundles of collagen fibres regular = aligned irregular = fibre bundles run in different directions

Question 27

Hard connective tissue

Answer 27

bone or cartilage strong, flexible, compressible, semi-rigid tissue

Question 28

bone - hard connective tissue

Answer 28

outer shell of cortical bone makes up shaft - diaphysis cancellous/trabecular bone occupies ends - epiphysis

Question 29

cartilage - hard connective tissue

Answer 29

three types; hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Question 30

blood and lymph

Answer 30

fluid connective tissues

Question 31

Muscle

Answer 31

specialised to generate the movement of actin fibres over myosin fibres to cause contraction

Question 32

Three types of muscle fibres

Answer 32

smooth muscle skeletal muscle cardiac muscle

Question 33

smooth muscle

Answer 33

involuntary movement, non-striated (not long lines)

Question 34

Skeletal muscle

Answer 34

voluntary movement, multinucleated, striated (long lines)

Question 35

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 35

involuntary movement, single nucleus at centre of fibre, striated Has intercalated discs which contain many intracellular junctions for stability

Question 36

Nervous tissue

Answer 36

consists of neurons and supporting cells controls function and allows for rapid communication between different parts of the body

Question 37

Nervous tissue id surrounded by connective tissues, what are they?

Answer 37

Meninges in CNS Epineurium in PNS

Question 38

Three types of Glia in the CNS

Answer 38

Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia

Question 39

Astrocytes

Answer 39

provide support, involved in ion transport

Question 40

oligodendrocytes

Answer 40

produce myelin

Question 41

microglia

Answer 41

immune surveillance

Question 42

Glia of the PNS

Answer 42

Schwann Cells

Question 43

Schwann Cells

Answer 43

produce myelin and support axons