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SBI3U > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs into and out from:

A

Into the four pulmonary veins—out through the Aorta

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2
Q

Deoxygenated blood flows:

A

In through the inferior and superior vena cava and out to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries2

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3
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Carries oxygen poor blood from the head, arms, upper body, into the right atrium

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4
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Carries oxygen poor blood from the lower body into the right atrium

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5
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives oxygen poor blood from the inferior and superior vena cava

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6
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Controls blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle and prevents back flow between these chambers

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7
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

The strong fibrous connection between the tricuspid and mitral valve leaflets and the papillary muscles

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8
Q

Papillary muscle

A

Attaches to the chordae tendineae and supports this muscle

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9
Q

Right ventricle

A

Receives oxygen poor blood from the atrium

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

The thin, smooth tissue which lines the chambers and valves of the heart

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11
Q

Myocardium

A

The muscular wall of the heart; contractility

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12
Q

Epicardium

A

The outermost tissue which enfolds the heart

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13
Q

Inter-ventricular Septum

A

Divides the chambers of the heart

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14
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

A

Controls the blood flow of oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

Pulmonary trunk/artery

A

Carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation

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16
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium

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17
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygen rich blood from the pulmonary veins

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18
Q

Mitral valve

A

Controls blood flow between left atrium and left ventricle

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19
Q

Left ventricle

A

Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it through the aorta

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20
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

controls blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

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21
Q

Aorta

A

Pumps oxygen rich blood through the body

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22
Q

Systole

A
  • Contraction phase of the heart
  • Blood pressure is highest when heart contracts
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23
Q

Diastole

A
  • Relaxation phase of the heart
  • Blood pressure is lowest when the heart relaxes
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24
Q

Why would someone with low blood pressure feel lightheaded or pass out?

A

When pressure is low, your brain isn’t receiving enough oxygen from your blood.

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25
A blood pressure cuff is called a
sphygmomahometer
26
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
- Located in the atrial tissue - Called “pacemaker” — sends signals out regularly to create reg. heartbeat - Sends signals out over the atria and to the AV node
27
Atrioventricular node
- Located at the bottom of the right atrium between the atria and ventricles - Sends signals out over the ventricles
28
Bundle Branches and Purkinje Fibers
Carries signals to the ventricles from the AV node.
29
Steps for Stimulating the Heart
1. Signal starts with the SA node 2. Atria contract 3. AV Node 4. Purkinje fibers 5. Ventricles contract
30
ECG/EKG
This is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart during its cardiac cycle (cycle of alternating contraction and relaxation)
31
The resting state of a myocardial cell has
a charge difference on one side of the cell compared to the other. Called polarized.
32
A muscle contraction is stimulated by
Depolarization. Signals from the SA node and AV nodes cause the myocardial cells to depolarize, which means the charges reverse. When this happens, the muscle cell is going to contract.
33
A myocardial cell returning to its original condition is called:
Re-polarization. When this happens the cell will relax again, ready to do contraction again.
34
What does an ECG/EKG record?
The electrical signals produced by the depolarization and re-polarization of all the cells found in the carious chambers of the heart.
35
P WAVE
Produced by the depolarization and contraction of the atria. Atrial systole.
36
QRS WAVE
Depolarization and contraction of the ventricle—ventricular systole. Also when the atria re-polarized/ relaxes
37
T WAVE
Re-polarization and relaxation of ventricles
38
Medulla Oblongata
Your medulla oblongata, found at base of the brain, responsible for monitoring conditions in your body and changing your heart rate accordingly. Connects to the heart using nerves.
39
Noradrenaline
Increases the heart rate
40
Acetylcholine
Decreases the heart rate
41
Stroke volume
- This is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle with each contraction - mL/beat
42
Cardiac output
- Total volume of blood pumped out of the heart every minute - L/min
43
Heart rate
- the number of contractions per minute - beats per minute
44
Equation for Cardiac output
co = sv x hr
45
Tunica Intima
The innermost layer of arteries and veins; made up of internal elastic lamina, sub endothelial layer (connective tissue) and endothelium.
46
Tunica Media
Middle layer; smooth muscular muscle, controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
46
Plasma
- Fluid portion - 55% of blood - Made of mostly water with dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes
47
Erythrocytes
- Red blood cells - 44% of blood - Biconcave disk shape - No nucleus in mammals (packed with hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen)
47
Leukocytes
- White blood cells - less than one percent of blood
48
Granulocytes
- Engages in phagocytosis - Involved in allergic reactions
49
Monocytes
- Engage in phagocytosis - Help other cells produce antibodies
50
Lymphocytes
- Important for the immune response
51
outside the cell
52
What does it mean when a myocardial cell "depolarizes"?
charges reverse and causes contraction (positive inside, negative outside)
53
What do we call it when myocardium cell returns to its original
re-polarization
54
name of the blood vessel squeezed when bp is taken
brachial artery
55
vasoconstriction and dilation
56
expand and snap back to its original shape
57
This helps veins to move blood against gravity
Contraction of skeletal muscle
58
The diameter of a capillary vessel
8 micrometers
59
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells 44%
60
leukocytes
White blood cells 1%
61
Types of white blood cells (leukocytes)
granulocytes monocytes lymphocytes
62
phagocytosis
granuloct monocle
63
What is the size of the capillary?
8 micrometers.

SBI3U (4 decks)

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