THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
(44 cards)
Diffusion
All organisms depend on simple diffusion for gas exchange. CO2 out and O2 In.
Gases will move from [high] to [low]
Closed circulatory system
Blood is encased through tubes
Open circulatory system
Organs are “bathed” in blood
This allows diffusion in the breathing structure
The breathing structure is one cell thick
Glottis
Located between the vocal cords. Facilitates ventilation, phonation, and provides airway protection
Everyday term for the larynx
Vocal box
What tissue is the larynx made of
Made up of several layers of cartilage, the larges piece being the Adam’s apple
What part of the larynx is used to produce sound?
The vocal chords—two highly elastic folds
How do they accomplish it
Air passes through the lines rushes past the vocal cords and causes them to vibrate
What does the blood do to the air in the nose and mouth—capillaries
Heat from capillaries warm the air
The nose contains mucus. What 2 things does the mucus do to the air?
Saliva and mucus moisten the air
Traps potential bacterias and viruses
What are cilia? What do they do?
Small, microscopic hairs in the back of the nose. Participate in filtration
Pharynx
Part of the throat that connects the mouth (oral cavity) and nose (nasal cavity) to the larynx and esophagus
Epiglottis
Epi (above). Flap like piece of elastic cartilage that covers the glottis
Prevents food from entering the trachea.
Afferent blood vessel
What are the shape of the alveoli?
Little balloon like sacs
What is the purpose of the alveoli?
Where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
What is the soap-like liquid that lines the alveoli?
Pulmonary surfactant
– phospholipids and proteins
What is the purpose of pulmonary surfactant?
Pulmonary surfactant is essential for life as it lines the alveoli to lower surface tension, thereby preventing atelectasis (collapse of the alveoli) during breathing.
Bronchi
Cilliated mucus membrane filters the air if some degree gets passed the nasal and tracheal cavities
Bronchioles are lined with what and for why?
Lined with ciliated mucus membrane helps traps dust and foreign particles to prevent them from reaching the alveoli
Trachea
Known as the windpipe
What is the shape
of the trachea
C shaped cartilage rings
Lined with smooth muscle to prevent collapse
The trachea contains a ciliated mucus membrane what is its purpose
Remove debris and dirt