GENETICS 1

Question 1

G1

Answer 1

Cell is in “growth phase”. Performing it’s function in the body.

Question 1

S ‘synthesis’

Answer 1

Cell prepares for mitosis. Ensures the new (daughter cells) made at the end of mitosis have correct amount of genetic material (DNA). They need a complete set of genetic instructions.

Question 2

G2

Answer 2

Cell prepares for mitosis. The cell has approached it’s maximum size.

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

Genetic material is divided. Each new daughter cell needs a copy of the DNA or genetic instructions to function properly

Question 4

Cytokenesis

Answer 4

Cell (cytoplasm) is divided between 2 cells. Each new daughter cells has all the organelles to function properly.

Question 5

What is a chromosome?

Answer 5

Smalle

Question 6

How do chromosomes form?

Answer 6

DNA wraps around protein to form nucleosomes and then nucleosomes bundle together. The nucleosomes stack and the resulting fibres coil on themselves further.

Question 7

How do we tell which side of the chromatid is P or Q?

Answer 7

Smaller arm is “P arm” and larger arm is “Q arm”.

Question 8

Metacentric

Answer 8

centromere exactly in centre

Question 9

Submetacentric

Answer 9

Slightly off centre

Question 10

Acrocentric

Answer 10

Near the end

Question 11

Telocentric

Answer 11

At the very far end of the chromosome (not seen in humans)

Question 12

Autosomes

Answer 12

Not sex chromosomes

Question 13

Sex chromosomes

Answer 13

XX (Female) XY(Male)

Question 14

What is a chromosome?

Answer 14

A physical structure in cells made of DNA. Sometimes made of two sister chromatids. It stores genetic information and can physically pass it on to other cells. “Vehicle”.

Question 15

Are human adults diploid or haploid

Answer 15

Diploid

Question 16

Diploid

Answer 16

A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 17

Haploid cell

Answer 17

A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

Question 18

How many chromosomes do adult humans have?

Answer 18

46 in total (23 pairs)

Question 19

How many chromosomes are found in gametes?

Answer 19

23 chromosomes (haploid) these are

Question 20

What are the names of the gametes or haploid cells produced by human adults?

Answer 20

Sperm & ova (egg)

Question 21

Why are the sperm and ova haploid?

Answer 21

They only have 23 chromosomes, which is half

Question 22

How many chromosomes are found in gametes?

Answer 22

23

Question 23

Does fertilization produce a haploid or a diploid cell?

Answer 23

Diploid

Question 24

How many chromosomes are in a zygote?

Answer 24

46

Question 25

How many chromosomes are in the copy cells that are made when the zygote divides over and over again?

Answer 25

46

Answer 26

Haploid has half of the # of chromosomes in a somatic cell! Diploid has 2x the number of chromosomes in a gamete.

Question 27

how many sets of chromosomes does a human being have? Where do they come from?

Answer 27

2 sets—one from mother, one from father

Question 28

What are the haploid cells made by humans

Answer 28

sperm and ova

Question 29

if an organism has 58 chromosomes, what is its haploid and diploid number.

Answer 29

Haploid # = 29 Diploid # = 58 (29 pairs of chromosomes).

Question 30

What is aneuploidy

Answer 30

A genetic condition of having an extra chromosome, or the absence of one.

Question 31

What is trisomy?

Answer 31

There is an extra copy of one chromosome type

Question 32

How many copies of chromosomes in trisomy? What does this cause?

Answer 32

Instead of one two chromosomes, one from each parent, there are three copies. This causes cellular confusion because there is too much genetic information

Question 33

What is monosomy? What does this create?

Answer 33

One copy of a chromosome is missing. Instead of having two chromosomes there is only one copy. This creates confusion because there isn't enough genetic information.

Question 34

Nondisjunction creates _____

Answer 34

Aneuploidy: caused by improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis

Question 35

What is the result of aneuploidy?

Answer 35

Cellular confusion; cells don't work properly because the genetic information is not properly balanced.

Question 36

Who is Gregor Mendel

Answer 36

A monk whose work inn the mid-1800's helped advance knowledge of inheritance or heredity.

Question 37

What is a gene

Answer 37

A section DNA that stores information for a particular trait. A particular type of gene can have different forms

Question 38

What is an allele?

Answer 38

A version or form of a gene. For example, the gene for eye color can have different color versions or alleles. Each type of allele for a gene will produce different phenotypes (outcomes).

Question 39

Genotype is....

Answer 39

the genetic make-up of an organism. It is all the information and traits that are stored in an organism's DNA.

Question 40

Phenotype is...

Answer 40

The physical characteristics that an organism has

Question 41

The genotype of an organism determines:

Answer 41

It's phenotype; the information in the DNA is used to make the physical appearance of the organism

Question 42

Where is the information for genotype located

Answer 42

On chromosomes