Circulatory system Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the three main functions of the circulatory system?
1.Transporting gases, nutrients, and wastes
2. Regulating internal temperature and transporting chemical substances
3. Protecting against blood loss from injury and against diseases and toxic substances
TRUE OR FALSE
The circulatory system has 5 main components
FALSE
The circulatory system has 3.
Heart: Muscular organ that pumps blood thru body
Blood vessels: System of hollow tubes through which blood moves
Blood: Fluid that transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and many other materials
Open circulatory system
Blood flows freely within the body cavity and makes direct contact with organs and tissues Ex: insects, crustaceans
Closed circulatory system
Blood is kept physically contained within vessels. The blood follows a continuous fixed path of circulation and is confined to a network of vessels that keep the blood separated Ex:humans
What is the role of red blood cells in the circulatory system?
Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
How do white blood cells contribute to circulatory system function?
White blood cells defend the body against infection and disease by identifying and destroying pathogens.
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
Platelets aid in blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding when injuries occur.
How many chambers does the heart have?
4 chambers
Name the chambers
The 2 top are atria and 2 bottom are ventricles. The left and right side are separated by a septum, a strong muscular wall
Arteries ( and smaller arterioles)
-Carry blood AWAY from the heart
-Are elastic
Veins (and smaller venules)
-Carry blood TO the heart
-Have one-way vales to keep blood moving forward
Capillaries
-Exchange of materials between blood and cells occur
-Single layer of cells
Function of blood
Blood in capillaries in the walls of the small intestine
absorbs most of the end products of digestion.
Blood absorbs glucose and amino acids made in other
parts of the body and sends them to the liver.
Blood transports chemicals and gases from and for the
respiratory system.
Blood transports and removes waste products of
cellular processes, such as mineral ions.
Temperature regulation
The circulatory system regulates temperature by changing the
volume of blood flowing near the skin.
(A) During vasodilation, the blood vessels expand, increasing blood
flow near the skin. (B) During vasoconstriction, the blood vessels
contract, reducing blood flow near
the skin.
Concurrent heat exchange
-The circulatory system helps maintain a steady core body temperature.
-Deep arteries and veins in the arms and legs lie close to each other.
-Warm blood from the body core travels through arteries to the extremities.
-Cooler blood returning from the extremities flows through nearby veins.
-Heat is transferred from the warm outgoing blood to the cooler incoming blood.
-This heat exchange helps keep the body core warm and prevents heat loss.
What is the function of the right atrium?
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava; passes it to the right ventricle.
What does the right ventricle do?
Pumps deoxygenated blood from right atrium to the lungs through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation.
What is the role of the left atrium?
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins; sends it to the left ventricle.
What does the left ventricle do and why is it important?
Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body through the aorta; strongest chamber because it must create high pressure.
What is the septum and its function?
A thick muscular wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart; prevents oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing.
What is the function of the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral)?
Prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during contraction.
What are the semilunar valves and what do they do?
Located between ventricles and major arteries (pulmonary and aortic valves); prevent backflow into the heart after blood is pumped out.
What is the aorta and why is it important?
The largest artery; carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
What is the pulmonary artery?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
