Inheritance Flashcards
A __ carries information that determines your ___
Gene, traits
(one gene=one protein)
Allele
A variation of the same gene (trait)
Phenotype
The physical appearance of an organism
(How we describe an organism using physical appearance)
Dominant trait
refers to a genetic feature that “hides” the recessive trait in the phenotype of an individual
Recessive trait
Describes a trait that is covered or dominated by another form of that trait and seems to disappear
Genotype
The combination of genes of an organism got for one specific trait expressed as single letters.
One gene is from mom one is from dad
Homozygous
Organism with alleles that are the same (BB or bb)
heterozygous
Organism with alleles that are different (Bb)
What is a tool to predict offspring genotype?
Punnett squares
Shows allele combinations (genotype) and predicts offspring ratio
Monohybrid cross
-Only one trait
-Complete dominance (1 dominant, 1 recessive)
-Can use a test cross to determine unknown genotype
Dihybrid cross
-There are two traits
-Complete dominance
-Phenotypic (Mendelian) ratio is 9:3:3:1
-Law of independent assortment
Law of independent assortment
The allele for 1 gene segregates or assorts independently of the allele for other gene when gametes are made
Incomplete dominance
-Blending of 1 trait
-Written as a superscript
-Heterozgote means a blend of the trait since neither is dominate (intermediate colour)
Co-dominance
-Both traits show up on organism
-Both alleles are dominate therefore both expressed on heterozygous individual
Multiple alleles
-Some genes exist in one or more allelic forms
-Ex: Blood has 3 different allies making 4 phenotypes and 6 genotypes
-O blood is recessive
-A and B are codominate
