Circulatory System

Question 1

organisms made up of a small number of cells depend on _ to import/export O2, nutrients, & waster products across cell membranes

Answer 1

diffusion

Question 2

larger organisms cannot rely on _

Answer 2

diffusion

Question 3

similar to a citys streets, highways & railways

Answer 3

circulatory system for transport

Question 4

Humans and other vertabraes have _ circulatory systems

Answer 4

closed

Question 5

3 things of human circ system

Answer 5

heart, blood vessels, blood that flows through them

Question 6

heart is enclosed in a sac of tissue called the _

Answer 6

pericardium

Question 7

thick layer of muscle within heart

Answer 7

myocardium

Question 8

2 thin layers of _ & _ tissue form a sandwich around myocardium

Answer 8

epithelial & connective tissue

Question 9

contractions of _ pump blood though circ sys

Answer 9

myocardium

Question 10

heart beats _ xs per minute

Answer 10

72

Question 11

_ml of blood in each contraction of heart

Answer 11

70ml

Question 12

how many years of heart contractions would it take to fill up an Olympic pool?

Answer 12

1 year ( 2 million liters)

Question 13

the _ divides the right and left sides of the heart

Answer 13

septum

Question 14

the septum prevents the mixing of _ & _ blood

Answer 14

O2 rich & O2 poor

Question 15

part of the heart that receives blood

Answer 15

upper chamber/ atrium

Question 16

pumps blood out of heart

Answer 16

lower chamber/ ventricle

Question 17

2 pathways of circ sys

Answer 17

pulmonary circulation & systematic circulation

Question 18

carries blood between heart & lungs

Answer 18

pulmonary circulation

Question 19

pulmonary circ: in the lungs, _ leaves the blood and O2 is absorbed

Answer 19

CO2

Question 20

carries blood between heart & the rest of the body

Answer 20

systematic circ

Question 21

blood that returns to the _ side of the heart is O2 poor bc cells have absorbed much of the
O2 & loaded the blood with CO2

Answer 21

right side

Question 22

where are the 2 networks of muscle fibers in the heart

Answer 22

1 in the atria, and 1 in the ventricles

Question 23

when a single fiber in either network of the heart is stimulated, the network (does or does not??) contract as a unit

Answer 23

does contract

Question 24

where is the SA node located?

Answer 24

the sinoatrial node is located in the right atrium

Question 25

a small group of cardiac muscle cells

Answer 25

the SA node

Question 26

pacemaker, aka...

Answer 26

the SA node

Question 27

impulse spreads from the SA node to the network of fibers in the _

Answer 27

atria

Question 28

heart:: starting from the beginning, name the path of an impulse

Answer 28

SA node>fibers of atria>atrioventricular node> fibers of ventricles

Question 29

when the network in the atria contracts, blood in the atria flows where?

Answer 29

into the ventricles

Question 30

when the muscles in the ventricles contract , where does theblood flow?

Answer 30

outof the heart

Question 31

names the 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 31

veins, capillaries, arteries

Question 32

superhighways

Answer 32

arteries

Question 33

large vessels thatcarry blood from the heartto the tissues of thebody

Answer 33

arteries

Question 34

all _ carry O2-rich blood,except_?

Answer 34

arteries,except pulmonary arteries

Question 35

has thick walls to withstand heart pressure

Answer 35

arteries

Question 36

smallestof the blood vessels

Answer 36

capillaries

Question 37

side streets & alleys

Answer 37

capillaries

Question 38

walls are 1 cell thick

Answer 38

capillaries

Question 39

usually so narrow that blood cells must pass through in single file

Answer 39

capillaries

Question 40

bring nutrients & O2 to the tissues & takes Co2 & other waste products away

Answer 40

capillaries

Question 41

return blood to heart

Answer 41

veins

Question 42

large ones contain valves that keep blood moving toward the heart

Answer 42

veins

Question 43

force of the blood on the _ is known as BP

Answer 43

Arteries

Question 44

2 waysof controlling BP

Answer 44

neural and hormonal control

Question 45

Neural control: neurons detect BP level, sending impulses to _

Answer 45

medulla oblongata

Question 46

if BP is too high, the ANS releases neurotransmitters that cause smooth muscles to _

Answer 46

relax

Question 47

if BP is too low, neurotransmitters are released that cause smooth muscles to _

Answer 47

contract

Question 48

which control elevates bp?

Answer 48

neural

Question 49

which control lowers bp(reduces blood volume)?

Answer 49

hormonal

Question 50

_ produced by the heart cause the kidneys to remove waterfrom the blood when bp is high

Answer 50

hormones

Question 51

sphygmomanometer is used for?

Answer 51

measuring BP

Question 52

typical bp reading for a healthy person:

Answer 52

120/80

Question 53

sphygmomanometer: air is pumped into cuff, artery gets blocked, pressure is released and pulse is listened to with a stethoscope,and 2 numbers are recorded. the 1st number is the _ pressure and the 2nd number is the _ pressure

Answer 53

the 1st number is the _systolic pressure and the 2nd number is the diastolic pressure

Question 54

the force felt in the arteries when the ventricles contract

Answer 54

systolic pressure

Question 55

the force felt in the arteries when the ventricles relax

Answer 55

dystolic pressure

Question 56

connective tissue with dissolved substanced and specialized cells

Answer 56

blood

Question 57

how many liters of blood do people have?

Answer 57

4-6 liters

Question 58

blood is what % of the bodys total mass?

Answer 58

8 %

Question 59

blood gets O2 from the _, nutrientsfrom the digestive tracts, and waste products from _

Answer 59

o2 from lungs,waste from body tissue

Question 60

blood plasma is _% water?

Answer 60

90%

Question 61

_% blood plasma dissolved: nutrients, enzymes, salts, gasses, hormones, waste products, plasma proteins

Answer 61

10%

Question 62

3 groups of plasma proteins:

Answer 62

albumins, globulins, & fibrinogen

Question 63

transport fatty acids, hormones and vitamins/ help to regulate osmotic pressure & blood volume

Answer 63

albumins

Question 64

transport fatty acids, hormones and vitamins/ some fight viral and bacterial infections

Answer 64

globulins

Question 65

responsible for the ability of blood to clot

Answer 65

fibrinogen

Question 66

_ portion of blood consists of redblood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Answer 66

cellular portion

Question 67

red blood cells transport:

Answer 67

O2

Question 68

_ help in the clotting process

Answer 68

platelets

Question 69

most numerous cells in the blood

Answer 69

redblood cells

Question 70

1 ml of blood= how many red blood cells?

Answer 70

5 million

Question 71

gets color from hemoglobin

Answer 71

red blood cells

Question 72

iron-containing protein that binds to O2

Answer 72

hemoglobin

Question 73

produced from cells in redbone marrow

Answer 73

red blood cells

Question 74

red blood cells circulate, and it is how many days before they are worn out>

Answer 74

120 days

Question 75

red blood cells are worn from:

Answer 75

too much squeezing through narrow capillaries, destroyed in liver and spleen

Question 76

leukocytes, aka...

Answer 76

white blood cells

Question 77

do not contain hemoglobin

Answer 77

white blood cells

Question 78

1000 _ to 1 _

Answer 78

1000 RBC to 1 WBC

Question 79

produced from bone marrow and contains nuclei

Answer 79

white blood cells

Question 80

live for days,months, even years

Answer 80

white blood cells

Question 81

As blood circulates, some fluid leaks from blood into surrounding tissues. how many liters a day?

Answer 81

3L, this helps to maintain movement of nutrients and salt

Question 82

if leakage of blood went uncheckedm the body would begin to...?

Answer 82

swell with fluid

Question 83

a network of vessels, nodes, and organs called the _ collects the fluid and returns it back to the circ sys

Answer 83

lymphatic sys

Question 84

fluid =? _(1 word)

Answer 84

lymph

Question 85

collectsin lymphatic capillaries & flowsinto larger lymph vessels

Answer 85

lymph

Question 86

lymph vessels contain valves that prevent lymph from flowing _

Answer 86

backwards

Question 87

lymph: ducts collect the lymph and return it to the circ sys through 2 openings where?

Answer 87

in the superior vena cava

Question 88

small, bean-shaped enlargements called:

Answer 88

lymph nodes

Question 89

act as filters, trapping bacteria & other microorganisms that cause disease

Answer 89

lymph nodes

Question 90

when large #s of microorganisms are trapped in the lymph nodes,the nodes become...?

Answer 90

enlarged

Question 91

swollen glands= swollen ...

Answer 91

lymph nodes

Question 92

_ line the intestines & absord fatsoluble vitamins and carry them into the blood

Answer 92

lymph vessels (play a large role in nutrient absorption)

Question 93

under osmotic pressure from the blood, or contractions of nearby skeletal muscles:::: 2 reasons for _ movements

Answer 93

lymph

Question 94

mature in the thymus before that can function in the immune system

Answer 94

certain lymphocytes called T cells

Question 95

the cells that recognize foreign invaders in the body

Answer 95

T cells

Question 96

helps to cleanse the body and removes damaged blood cells from the circ sys

Answer 96

spleen

Question 97

harbors phagocytes that engulf & destroy bacteria

Answer 97

spleen