Circulatory system

Question 1

What are the two things that the circulatory system is made up of?

Answer 1

The heart and blood vessels

Question 2

What are the 4 types of blood vessels?

Answer 2

Arteries
arterioles
veins
capillaries

Question 3

What are the 3 main arteries?

Answer 3

Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Renal artery

Question 4

Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood from?

Answer 4

Heart

Question 5

Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood to?

Answer 5

Lungs

Question 6

Where does the aorta carry blood from?

Answer 6

Heart

Question 7

Where does the aorta carry blood to?

Answer 7

Body

Question 8

Where does the renal artery carry blood from?

Answer 8

Body

Question 9

Where does the renal artery carry blood to?

Answer 9

Kidneys

Question 10

What are the three main veins?

Answer 10

Pulmonary veins
Vena cava
Renal vein

Question 11

Where does the pulmonary vein take blood from?

Answer 11

Lungs

Question 12

Where does the pulmonary vein take blood to?

Answer 12

Heart

Question 13

Where does the vena cava take blood from?

Answer 13

Body

Question 14

Where does the vena cava take blood to?

Answer 14

Heart

Question 15

Where does the renal vein take blood from?

Answer 15

Kidneys

Question 16

Where does the renal vein take blood to?

Answer 16

Vena cava

Question 17

What type of blood does the vena cava carry?

Answer 17

Deoxygenated

Question 18

What type of blood does the aorta carry?

Answer 18

Oxygenated

Question 19

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

Answer 19

Deoxygenated

Question 20

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry?

Answer 20

Oxygenated

Question 21

Why does the aorta have a high pressure?

Answer 21

It has to take the blood all around the body

Question 22

Why does the vena cava have a low pressure?

Answer 22

Its the final blood vessel that takes blood to the heart

Question 23

What are the walls of arteries like?

Answer 23

Thick and muscular

Elastic tissue

Question 24

In arteries, what helps to maintain a high pressure?

Answer 24

The elastic tissue recoiling as the heart beats

The inner lining is folded

Question 25

What are arterioles?

Answer 25

Smaller vessels formed from arteries that form a network throughout the body

Question 26

What are characteristics of arterioles?

Answer 26

Muscles contract to restrict blood flow or relax to allow full blood flow

Question 27

What is the lumen and tissue like in veins?

Answer 27

Wide lumen | Not very elastic

Question 28

What are the valves in veins needed for?

Answer 28

to stop the blood flowing backwards

Question 29

What are capillaries?

Answer 29

Branches of arterioles

Question 30

What are the features of capillaries and how do they benefit their purpose?

Answer 30

``` Found near cells in exchange tissues Thin walls (one cell) so theres a short diffusion pathway Large number of them - increase surface area ```

Question 31

What is a capillary bed?

Answer 31

Network of capillaries in tissues

Question 32

What is tissue fluid?

Answer 32

The fluid that surrounds the cells in tissues

Question 33

What is tissue fluid made of?

Answer 33

Molecules that leave blood plasma | eg. oxygen, water and nutrients

Question 34

How do substances move out of the capillaries and into the tissue fluid?

Answer 34

Pressure filtration

Question 35

What does the difference in hydrostatic pressure between capillaries and tissue fluid mean?

Answer 35

Overall outward pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries and into the spaces around the cells which forms tissue fluid.

Question 36

What does tissue fluid not contain?

Answer 36

Large proteins or red blood cells

Question 37

What can cells take from the tissue fluid?

Answer 37

Oxygen and nutrients

Question 38

What does a capillary bed consist of?

Answer 38

Arteries, capillary, venule

Question 39

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 39

The pressure exerted by a liquid

Question 40

What is the hydrostatic pressure like at the start of the capillary bed?

Answer 40

There is high pressure in the capillaries and low hydrostatic pressure in the tissues

Question 41

How is tissue fluid formed?

Answer 41

There is high hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries and low hydrostatic pressure in the tissues. This causes the fluid to be forced out of the capillaries around tissue forming tissue fluid

Question 42

What happens at the end of the capillary bed?

Answer 42

There is low hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries. The water potential in capillaries is lower than the tissue fluid due to a high number of plasma membranes.

Question 43

What substance is reabsorbed into the capillaries & | by what process?

Answer 43

Some water | Osmosis

Question 44

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 44

A network of tubes which transports excess tissue fluid back into the circulatory system

Question 45

Describe how tissue fluid is returned to the circulatory system (3 Marks)

Answer 45

1) Capillaries inside tissue 2) High pressure forces water out 3) Water potential in cell decreases to a point where the tissue fluid has more water so the water goes back into the cell

Question 46

Explain how the highest blood pressure is produced in the left ventricle

Answer 46

Left ventricle has thick muscle so it can produce a high blood pressure as it can push forcefully