Eukaryotic cells and organelles

Question 1

What type of cells do single celled organisms have?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic

Question 2

What organelles make up an animal cell?

Answer 2

Cell surface membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus 
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
Lysosome
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus 
Cytoplasm 
Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which extra organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 3

Cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata
Vacuole
Chloroplast

Question 4

How do algae cells differ to plant cells?

Answer 4

They have the same organelles but some are different shapes and sizes

Question 5

Which two types of cell can be both multi cellular and unicellular?

Answer 5

Algae

Fungal

Question 6

What is a fungal cell’s cell wall made up of?

Answer 6

Chitin

Question 7

What don’t fungal cells have that plant cells do? Why not?

Answer 7

Chloroplast

They don’t photosynthesise

Question 8

What mainly is the cell surface membrane made up of?

Answer 8

Lipids and proteins

Question 9

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

Answer 9

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 10

What surrounds the nucleus?

Answer 10

Nuclear envelope

Question 11

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 11

Chromosomes

Nucleolus

Question 12

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 12

Controls the cells activities by controlling transcription of DNA

Question 13

What does the nucleolus make?

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

How many membranes does the mitochondrion have?

Answer 14

Two (inner and outer)

Question 15

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

Answer 15

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 16

Where in the mitochondrion are the enzymes involved in respiration?

Answer 16

Matrix

Question 17

What are the membranes inside the chloroplast called?

Answer 17

Thylakoid

Question 18

What are grana? (chloroplast)

Answer 18

Stacked up membranes linked together by lamellae

Question 19

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 19

Site of photosynthesis

Question 20

What is the stroma? (chloroplast)

Answer 20

Thick fluid

Question 21

What are Golgi apparatus?

Answer 21

Fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

Question 22

What is usually found at the edges of the sacs of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 22

Golgi vesicles

Question 23

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Answer 23

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins

Makes lysosomes

Question 24

What is the function of a Golgi vesicle?

Answer 24

Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell

Question 25

What are lysosomes a type of?

Answer 25

Golgi vesicle

Question 26

What digestive enzymes are inside lysosomes?

Answer 26

Lysozyme

Question 27

Where in the cell can ribosomes be found?

Answer 27

Either floating in the cytoplasm or | attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

What are ribosomes made up of?

Answer 28

Proteins and RNA

Question 29

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 29

Site of protein production

Question 30

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 30

Membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space | Surface is covered in ribosomes (which is where the rough comes from)

Question 31

What is the function of the RER?

Answer 31

Folds and processes proteins that have been made by the ribosomes

Question 32

How is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum different to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 32

There are no ribosomes

Question 33

What does the SER do?

Answer 33

Synthesises and processes lipids

Question 34

What is the cell wall?

Answer 34

A rigid structure that surrounds cells

Question 35

In which organisms' cells is a cell wall found?

Answer 35

Plants Algae Fungi

Question 36

What is the job of the cell wall?

Answer 36

Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape

Question 37

Where is a cell vacuole found?

Answer 37

Plants

Question 38

Are cell vacuoles free to move or membrane-bound?

Answer 38

Membrane-bound

Question 39

What is inside the cell vacuole?

Answer 39

Cell sap - weak solution of sugar and salt

Question 40

What is the function of the cell vacuole?

Answer 40

Help maintain pressure inside the cell | Keep the plant rigid