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circulatory system Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

3 divisions of the circulatory system?

A

1- systemic: supplying the system
2- pulmonary: to and from the lungs
3- coronary: supply the heart of the needed blood supply

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2
Q

location on the heart?

A

behind sternum with apex extending downward and to the left

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3
Q

names of the 3 different coverings of the heart?

A

1- pericardium
2- myocardium
3- endocardium

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4
Q

what is the pericardium and the function?

A

double walled membranous sac with a space between walls for pericardial fluid. supports, protects, reduces friction while heart is beating

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5
Q

what is the myocardium and the function?

A

the man muscle of the heart. each muscle cell is attached to and pulls against other cells in a coordinated rhythm

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6
Q

what is the endocardium and the function?

A

the lining of the heart contentious with lining in the vessels ( makes a closed system)

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7
Q

what system is the heart?

A

closed system

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8
Q

what are the 7 characteristics of veins?

A

1- moves blood to the heart
2- thin muscular walls
3- low pressure
4- valves present to prevent back flow
5- slow/smooth travel
6- low in oxygen (except for pulmonary veins)
7- relies on help from skeletal muscles to return blood to the heart

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9
Q

myogenic?

A

the ability of muscle to contract without external nerve stimulation

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10
Q

3 nerves stimuli to increase heart rate?

A

1- fear
2- excitement
3- tension

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11
Q

physical stimuli to increase heart rate?

A

exercise

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12
Q

5 chemical stimuli to increase heart rate?

A 
1- caffeine 
2- carbon dioxide 
3- nicotine 
4- alcohol 
5- hormones ( Adrenalin, thyroxin)
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13
Q

what node is the heart rate set by?

A

sinoatrial node

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14
Q

what is the atrioventricular node?

A

contractions that travels from the atria to the atrioventricular node that serves as a conductor passing nerve impulses along special tracts through the dividing septum toward the ventricles

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15
Q

what are the 2 main factors of blood pressure

A

1- cardiac output

2- Resistance of arterial blood vessels

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16
Q

cardiac output?

A

amount of blood pumped per minute by ventricles

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17
Q

vasoconstriction?

A

narrowing of blood vessels

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18
Q

vasodilation?

A

enlargement of blood vessels

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19
Q

what 4 things can influence blood pressure?

A

1- stimulation of stretch receptors around arteries
2- regulation of precapillary sphincters
3-amount of blood
4- hormonal control (adrenaline)

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20
Q

Pulse?

A

surge of blood at each capillaries contraction through muscular, elastic arterial walls

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21
Q

diastolic pressure?

A

when ventricles relax and are filling (always the lower # when getting blood pressure done)

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22
Q

hypertension?

A

other name for high blood pressure

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23
Q

shock?

A

heat beats faster and faster

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24
Q

what are the 2 heart sounds?

A

lub-dub

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25
what is the heart doing during the lub sound?
closing the av valves, blood slapping against these valves when ventricles are full and are about to contract
26
what is the heart doing during the dub sound?
closing semilunar valves after blood has left ventricle through arteries and blood hitting or slapping against these valves
27
heart murmurs?
when valves don't completely close or don't completely open
28
7 functions of blood?
1- supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues 2- transport hormones 3 transport antibodies 4 help maintain body temperature 5-preservation of slight alkalinity (basic) in the tissues 6- clot wounds 7- removal of CO2, ammonia and other wastes
29
scientific name for red blood cells?
erythrocytes
30
scientific name for white blood cells?
leukocytes
31
scientific name of platelets?
thrombocytes
32
what are the proteins that plasma have?
fibrinogen, serum albumin, and serum globulin
33
do red blood cells have nuclei's?
NO
34
where is red blood cells produced?
in the bone marrow
35
what is red cell reproduction directed by?
oxygen level
36
what is the name of red blood cell formation?
erythropoiesis
37
do which blood cells have nuclei's?
YES
38
what are the names of the different leukocytes?
``` 1- neutrophil 2- lymphocytes 3- moncytes 4- basophils 5- eosinophils ```
39
what is coronary artery disease?
the result from deposition of fatty compounds on the inner lining of the coronary arteries
40
what are the reasons that atherosclerosis ( coronary artery disease)?
1- the roughened lining of the artery can cause abnormal clotting of blood in the coronary arteries leading to a thrombotic occlusion (blocking of the artery by a clot) 2- narrowing f the vessels due to atherosclerotic deposits may itself lead to plugging up of and the inflexibility of the vessel
41
what is the scientific name for low blood flow
ischemia
42
angina pectoris
a temporary difference between the supply and demand of oxygen to the heart muscle
43
what causes angina pectoris
low oxygen in the blood | restricted blood flow to the heart
44
arrhythmias
abnormal heart rhythms
45
bacterial endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria
46
what is the scientific name for floating clots
emboli
47
what are vegetations
damaged heart valves that has produced lesions
48
mitral valve prolapse
improper closure of the bicuspid valve when the heart is pumping blood
49
congestive heart failure
when the heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
50
congenital heart disease
abnormalities in heart at birth
51
aneurysm
widening of an artery
52
what causes an aneurysm
weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall due atherosclerosis
53
varicose veins
abnormally swollen veins usually in the legs
54
what is the lymphatic system
it drains tissues spaces and cavities of fluid that has leaked out of the capillaries because of high hydrostatic pressure.
55
how is fluid pushed through the lymphatic system
by squeezing of the muscles and other organs
56
what type of blood vessel is lymphocytes
whit blood cells
57
someone with type A blood, what are their antigens?
A
58
someone with type A blood, what are their antibodies?
b
59
who can someone with type A blood donate to?
blood type A,B
60
who can someone with type A blood receive from?
blood type A,O
61
someone with type B blood, what are their antigens?
B
62
someone with type B blood, what are their antibodies?
a
63
who can someone with type B blood donate to?
blood type A,B
64
who can someone with type B blood receive from?
blood type B,O
65
someone with type AB blood, what are their antigens?
AB
66
someone with type B blood, what are their antibodies?
none
67
who can someone with type AB blood donate to?
blood type A,B,AB
68
who can someone with type AB blood receive from?
blood type A,B,AB,O
69
someone with type O blood, what are their antigens?
none
70
someone with type O blood, what are their antibodies?
a,b
71
who can someone with type O blood donate to?
blood type A, B, AB , O
72
who can someone with type O blood receive from?
blood type O
73
characteristic of arteries (6)
- takes blood away from heart - travels in spats - oxygenated blood - thick muscled walls - no valves - relies on walls/heart to move blood away

bio- 20 (8 decks)

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