respiratory system Flashcards
(24 cards)
turbinate bonds
- increase surface area
cellular respiration
utilization of oxygen within cells at the mitochondria
catabolic
bonds to release energy for life function
nasal cavity
- warm, moist (mucus) membranes
- high number of blood vessels
- ciliated to collect dust, debris foreign particles
pharynx
- common passage way for digestive and respiratory system
- mucus membrane lined
larynx
- noted by Adam’s apple externally
- a cartilage
- protected by the epiglottis
- 2 sets of horizontal holds
- vocal cords
trachea (wind pipe)
- extends from the larynx down to the bronchi
- kept opened by a series of shaped cartilages
- cilliated (carry out foreign particles and excessive mucous
bronchi (plural)
- right and left primary bronchi to right and left lungs
- secondary bronchi -for each lobe
- ribbed with cartilages
- right lung (3 lobes)
- left lung (2 lobes)
alveloas
final passage tube into alveoli
alveoli
- surrounded by capillaries
- gas exchange occurs here
- very thin membrane structure
where is the control center for breathing
medulla oblongata (stem of brain)
stimulus for inhalation
by high carbon dioxide content and H+ registered by chemo receptors
exhalation stimulus
- stretch receptors in lungs tell medulla oblongata that inhalation has occurred
- nerves then deactivated; muscles cease contraction and relax; thoracic cavity reduced in size and air is forced out
hyperventilating
-excessive or over breathing
3 activities that assist in exchange and transport of gases
1- act of breathing causes size of thoracic cavity to expand and contract moving 5-7 liters of air into the lungs every minute
2- at each beat, right ventricle of heart forces 70-100 ml of oxygenated blood from body into capillaries of lung
3 contraction of left ventricle —> causes oxygenated blood to be delivered to body
3 ways of oxygen transport
1- strikes moist coating of alveolar wall —> dissolves in it
2 diffusion- moves through liquid to capillaries, to blood plasma and then across the cell membranes of red blood cells
3-forms a loose association with the iron atoms in h hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin
3 ways of carbon dioxide transport
1- small amount is carried as dissolved gas molecules in water of blood (8% dissolved in plasma)
2- another small portion combines with hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin)
3- carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce bicarbonate ion or HCO3-
tidal volume
the volume of gas inspired or expired in a normal unforced breathing cycle
inspiration reserve volume
the maximum volume of gas that can be inspired from the end of a tidal inspiration
expiratory reserve volume
the maximum volume of gas that can be expired beyond the end of a tidal expiration
residual volume
the volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration
vital capacity
the maximum amount of gas that can be expired after a maximum inspiration
what is the movement of inspiration to the body
1- contraction of the diaphragm (moves diaphragm down/ flattens
2- elevating ribs (intercostal muscles between ribs pull up and out )
what is the movement of expiration to the body
1- lungs decrease in size
2-muscles of diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
3- pressure created in side lungs forces air out
