nutrition

Question 1

what is the definition of nutrients?

Answer 1

any substance that is a useful function when taken into the body

Question 2

necessary nutrients?

Answer 2

nutrients that can be made by the body

Question 3

essential nutrients?

Answer 3

nutrients that cannot be made by the body

Question 4

types of nutrients- 1?

Answer 4

Hetrophic- organisms that cannot make their own food and is dependent on another organisms

Question 5

types of nutrients-2?

Answer 5

Autotrophic- able to make their own food

Question 6

type of macro nutrients?

Answer 6

• protein
• carbohydrates
• fats/lipids

Question 7

role of a macro nutrients?

Answer 7

• provide substances needed by the body to manufacture by the body and to replace old or damaged cells
• growth
• supply energy needed for cell productions

Question 8

carbohydrates?

Answer 8

large group of organic compounds. high source of energy foods such as sugars and starch.

Question 9

composition of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

oxygen, carbon and hydrogen

Question 10

what are two types of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 10

monosacchraides

disacchraides

Question 11

what are three common monosacchraides?

Answer 11

fructose (fruits/honey)
galactose(milk)
glucose(animals/ plants)

Question 12

what are three common disacchraides?

Answer 12

maltose (glucose+glucose)
sucrose (glucose+fructose)
lactose (glucose+galactose)

Question 13

formula for monosacchraides?

Answer 13

C6H12O6

Question 14

formula for disacchraides?

Answer 14

C12H22O11

Question 15

enzymatic dehydration synthesis?

Answer 15

the breaking of a covalent bond through removing a molecule of water.

Question 16

Hydrolysis

Answer 16

the breaking of a covalent bond through the addition of a molecule of water.

Question 17

what is the name of a complex carbohydrates?

Answer 17

polysacchraides (sugar chains)

Question 18

what percentage does proteins make the body composition?

Answer 18

23%

Question 19

what are the 7 functions of proteins?

Answer 19

1- structural (ex tendons connective tissues)
2-regulatory (ex insulin, Adrenalin)
3-transport -hemoglobin, carrier molecules
4-proteins- antibodies
5- buffers- help control acidity in the body
6- enzymes- biological catalysts
7- energy- poor source but if cells are desperate they will use proteins

Question 20

amino acids?

Answer 20

form proteins

Question 21

how many kinds of amino acids are there?

Answer 21

20

Question 22

how many amino acids can humans make?

Answer 22

12 out of 20

Question 23

what is the name of a peptide bond?

Answer 23

peptidase

Question 24

deamination

Answer 24

break down of amino acids and removal of NH2

Question 25

what are the 6 functions of fats and lipids?

Answer 25

``` 1- storage of energy 2- insulation 3- membrane structure 4- hormones 5- vitamins 6- phospholipids ( a substance more soluble in H20) ```

Question 26

what are the names of the types of fats and lipids? (4)

Answer 26

1- plants fats (oils, liquid at room temp) 2-animal fats (butter, lard, solids at room temp, saturated carbon chains) 3-phospholipids (found in cell membranes) 4) sterols (4 carbon rings structure with varying carbon chain attachments)

Question 27

structure of fats and lipids?

Answer 27

1- glycerol+tri-alcohol | 2- 3 fatty acids

Question 28

what are saturated fats?

Answer 28

1- no double or triple bonds in fatty acid carbon chain 2-less soluble 3-solids at room temp 4-more difficult to hydrolyze(digest)

Question 29

what are unsaturated fats?

Answer 29

1- double or triple bond in carbon chain 2-more soluble 3- liquid at room temp 4- easier to digest

Question 30

steroids?

Answer 30

a unique lipid manufactured in the liver ex cholesterol

Question 31

emulsions?

Answer 31

droplets of one liquid substance suspended in another to make it more soluble

Question 32

what is the unit to measure energy?

Answer 32

kilo joules

Question 33

denaturation

Answer 33

The way proteins change their structure in the presence of certain chemicals, acids or bases

Question 34

what are the 3 layers of smooth involuntary muscle

Answer 34

1-longitudinal 2- circular 3- oblique

Question 35

peristalsis

Answer 35

muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations

Question 36

rugae

Answer 36

series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ.

Question 37

what are the 4 secretions for the stomach to digest

Answer 37

1- pepsinogin (digesting proteins) 2- hcl (coverts pepsinogin to pepsin) 3- rennin (clots milk) 4- lipase (breaks fats into 3 fatty acids

Question 38

chyme

Answer 38

food leaving pyloric valve

Question 39

what are the 3 main portions on the small intestine

Answer 39

1-duodenum (pancreas and liver glands feed into this portion) 2- jejunum (most products get digested) 3-ileum (highly absorptive)

Question 40

what are all enzymes but not all are enzymes

Answer 40

proteins (enzymes are all proteins but not all proteins are enzymes

Question 41

what are the 3 pairs of salivary glands

Answer 41

1- parotid 2-sublingual 3- submaxillary

Question 42

pancreas function

Answer 42

produces insulin

Question 43

where are carbohydrates digested

Answer 43

mouth

Question 44

where are proteins digested

Answer 44

stomach

Question 45

where are fats digested

Answer 45

stomach