Circulatory System Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
Name the components of the Circulatory System
A
- Blood vascular system
2. Lymphatic vascular system
2
Q
What makes up the Blood vascular system?
A
- Heart
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins
3
Q
What type of tissue makes up the vascular wall?
A
- Endothelium - specialized simple squamous epithelium
- Muscular tissue - Smooth
- Connective tissue (Collagen fibers and Elastic fibers; ground substance in extracellular spaces)
4
Q
Epithelial barrier between blood and interstitial fluid allows?
A
Interchange between blood and tissue cells to occur
5
Q
Name the other functions of Endothelium. (5)
A
- Induce WBC’s to migrate from vessel
- Produce vasoactive factors that regulate vascular tone
- Enzymes (e.g., converts angiotensin I ot angiotensin II)
- Secrete growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor for vasculogenesis & angiogenesis)
- Antithrombogenic surface
6
Q
Name all 5 structures of the vessel wall
A
- Tunica Intima
- Internal Elastic Lamina
- Tunica Media
- External Elastic Lamina
- Tunica Advantitia
7
Q
Which structure is the most inner layer of the vessel wall?
A
Tunica intima
8
Q
Describe the Tunica intima
A
One layer of endothelial cells and subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue
9
Q
Describe the internal elastic lamina
A
- Separates intima from media
- Composed of elastin
- Allows for diffusion into deepest layers
10
Q
Describe Tunica media
A
- Layers of smooth muscle cells
- Fibers
- Proteogylcans and glycoproteins
11
Q
Describe External elastic lamina
A
Sperates media from adventitia
12
Q
Describe Tunica adventitia
A
Collagen and elastic fibers
13
Q
True or False: Both Internal and External elastic laminas are found in arteries
A
True
14
Q
What are examples that one would see of Macrovasculature?
A
- Large arterioles
- Muscular/Elastic arteries
- Muscular veins
15
Q
What are examples that one would see of Microvasculature?
A
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Postcapillary venules
16
Q
Out of the list of veins and arteries below. Which one contains all 5 vessel wall structures (Tunica intima, IEL, Tunica media, EEL and Tunica adventitia)
- Large vein
- Medium-sized vein
- Venule
- Elastic Artery
- Muscular Artery
- Arteriole
A
- Muscular artery
17
Q
Describe Vasa vasorum
A
Blood vessels supplying large blood vessels
18
Q
Where is Vasa vasorum located?
A
Tunica adventitia and outer media
19
Q
Sympathetic fibers (vasmotor nerves) innervate what type of muscles?
A
Smooth muscles
20
Q
Sympathetic fibers release?
A
Norepinephrine (vasoconstriction)
21
Q
Local factors in arteries in skeletal muscle cause the release of ____ _____ from endothelium resulting in _____.
A
nitric oxide; vasodilation
22
Q
What’s another name for Large elastic artery?
A
Conducting Artery
23
Q
What’s an example of a large elastic (conducting) artery?
A
Aorta and it’s branches (e.g., subclavian)
24
Q
What 4 strucures of the vessel wall are found on a Large elastic (conducting) artery?
A
- Tunica Intima
- Internal Elastic lamina
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Adventitia
25
Out of the 4 structures that the large elastic (conducting) artery vessel wall has, which one is there but is just hard to see on a slide?
Internal Elastic lamina
26
Out of the 4 structures that the large elastic (conducting) artery vessel wall has, which one has many layers of elastic fibers and has smooth muscles cells interspersed?
Tunica media
27
Out of the 4 structures that the large elastic (conducting) artery vessel wall has, which one has vasovasorum, lymphatic and nerves present?
Tunica adventitia
28
True or False: All 5 structures of a vessel wall can be seen on a Medium (muscular distributing) artery.
True
29
True or False: Large elastic (conducting) arteries run with veins
False: Medium (muscular distributing) arteries run with VEINS
30
Name a Medium (muscular distributing) artery.
Femoral artery
31
Is the External elastic lamina better developed in an artery or a vein?
Artery
32
True or false: In Small arteries the Tunica media is more developed and the tunica adventitia is very thin.
True
33
True or false: Small arteries have larger LUMENS than arterioles
True
34
What do Arterioles run with?
Venules
35
Arterioles are the beginning of?
Microvasculature
36
What 3 vessel wall structures can be seen on an Arteriole?
1. Tunica Intima
2. Tunica Media
3. Tunica Adventitia
37
True or False: Within the Arteriole one can see a nuclei of smooth muscle cells
True
38
What type of cell can be seen on a slide with a capillary?
Astrocyte
39
True or False: Capillaries are 50% of all blood vessels
False: 90% of all blood vessels
40
What are the 3 types of capillaries?
1. Continuous
2. Fenestrated
3. Discontinuous
41
Continuous capillaries most common types are?
1. Muscle
2. Connective tissue
3. Exocrine glands
4. Nervous tissue
5. Lungs
42
Continuous capillaries are a single layer of endothelial cells rolled up in a tube and may be surrounded by?
pericytes
43
Fenestrated capillaries are covered by a thin layer of?
proteoglycans
44
Fenestrated capillaries most common types are?
1. Kidney
2. Intestines
3. Endocrine glands
45
Another name for a Discontinuous capillary is?
Sinusoid
46
Discontinuous capillaries most common types are?
1. Liver
2. Spleen
3. Bone Marrow
47
Discontinuous capillaries permit maximal exchange of?
Macromolecules
48
True or False: Discontinuous capillary is a discontinuous layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina
True
49
Capillaries interconnect?
Arterioles and Venules
50
Capillaries function in groups called?
Capillary beds
51
Capillary beds are supplied by terminal arterioles called?
Metarterioles
52
What is a metarteriole?
Are continuous with thoroughfare channels emptying into postcapillary venules
53
Metarterioles give rise to branches called?
True capillaries
54
True capillaries are associated with?
Sphincters that control the blood flow through capillaries
55
Name the 3 alternative pathways of blood flow.
1. Arteriovenous Shunt
2. Venous portal system (liver)
3. Arteriol portal system (kidney)
56
Glomerular capillaries are found in what alternative pathway?
Arterial Portal System
57
The portal system move through what organ?
Liver
58
True or False: Both portal system utilize 2 capillaries in their process
True
59
Describe the process of Ateriovenous anastomosis
Arterioles empty directly into venules (skin)
60
What structure on a slide will you see next to a venule?
Arteriole
61
True or False: Venules occur from a gradual transition of capillaries
True
62
What 3 vessel wall structures can be seen on a slide of a venule?
1. Tunica Intima
2. Tunica Media (Absent in small venules)
3. Tunica Adventitia (Thin)
63
Muscular (small/medium) veins run with?
Arteries
64
What 3 vessel wall structures can be seen on a slide Muscular (small/medium) veins?
1. Tunica intima
2. Tunica Media
3. Tunica Adventitia
65
True or False: Tunica Intima may have valves
True
66
True or False: Tunica media has collagen and elastic fibers
True
67
True or False: Tunica adventitia may have vasa vasorum present.
True
68
True or False: Small/medium vein are close to the heart
False: Large veins are close to the hear
69
What 3 vessel wall structures can be seen on a slide of large veins?
1. Tunica Intima
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica adventitia (thickest and may have smooth muscle)
70
True or False: On a histology slide of a large vein. One will see a valve become an extension of the Tunica Media vessel wall.
False: The valve will be an extension of the Tunica Intima
71
Name the 2 largest blood vessels
1. Aorta
| 2. Vena Cava
72
Name the 3 wall layers of the Heart
1. External tunic or epicardium (or visceral pericardium)
2. Middle tunic or myocardium
3. Internal tunic or endocardium
73
What type of empithelim is the epicardium made up of?
Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) and a thin layer of connective tissue
74
The subepicardial layer is made up of?
Loose connective tissue
75
The Loose connective tissue of the subepicardial layer contains accumulated?
Adipose tissue, vessels and nerve fibers
76
Which layer of the heart is the outter most layer?
Epicardium
77
The myocardium contains what type of muscle?
Cardia muscle
78
Muscle cells in the atria release?
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
79
What's the function of Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)?
Acts on kidney cells to affect sodium excretion and water balance
80
Discribe the endocardium layer of the heart?
Single layer of ENDOTHELIUM and thin layer of loose connective tissue
81
The subendocardial layer contains?
Veins, nerves and purkinje fibers (myofibers)
82
Purkinje fibers are what type of cells?
Cardiac muscle cells or specialized cardia cells
83
In what layer of the heart will one find myofibers?
Internal tunic or endocardium
84
What 3 structures make up the Hearts Conduction system?
1. Sinoatrial node
2. Atrioventricular node
3. Atrioventricular bundle
85
The Atrioventricular bundle distally are called?
Purkinje Fibers
86
The Atrioventricular bundle is first seen in the subendocardial layer but then it becomes?
Intramyocardiac
87
Which part of the Hearts Conduction system is known as the pacemaker?
Sinoatrial node
