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Histology Final > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

_____ gradients influence the movement of interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels

A

-Pressure

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2
Q

What fibers hold lymphatic capillaries open?

A

-Microfibrils

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3
Q

True/False Lymphatic capillaries are continuous

A

False- they are fenestrated

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4
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are ____ ended

A

-Open

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5
Q

Lymphatic capillaries have how many layers of endothelium?

A

-One

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6
Q

They Lymphatic System serves what 3 functions?

A
  • Return interstitial fluid to the blood
  • Transport dietary lipids
  • Facilitates immune responses
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7
Q

Regarding immune response, lymphatic vessels distribute what 3 things?

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Antibodies
  • Other immune components
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8
Q

What 2 major lymphatic ducts empty into the venous system?

A
  • Right Lymphatic Duct (right side)

- Thoracic Duct (left side)

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9
Q

Lymph flows through lymphatic vessels and empties into the blood venous system at the junction of what two veins?

A
  • Internal jugular vein

- Subclavian vein

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10
Q

Lymphatic ducts are similar to veins because they have a middle layer that is reinforced by ___ tissue.

A

-smooth muscle tissue

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11
Q

True/False Lymphatic ducts have more valves than veins

A

True

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12
Q

Lymphatic system serves as the ___ line of defense

A
  • Second
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13
Q

True/False Lymphocytes are permanent residents of lymphoid tissue

A

False- they are recirculated

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14
Q

Lymphocytes are distinguished by what 2 surface features?

A
  • Surface Proteins (CD Markers)

- Surface Receptors

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15
Q

T-cells are from what organ?

A

Thymus

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16
Q

B-cells are from what organ?

A

Bone marrow

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17
Q

Which lymphocytes are most abundant in the blood? (T-cells or B-cells)

A

T-cells

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18
Q

APC stands for?

A

Antigen Presenting Cells

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19
Q

Mononuclear phagocytic cells are cells that are derived from what cells?

A
  • Monocytes
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20
Q

APCs are essential for triggering and developing a(an) ____ response.

A

-Immune

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21
Q

The Mononuclear phagocytic system consists of primarily ____ (cells)

A

-Macrophages

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22
Q

What are the two mechanisms (pathways) used for immune response to eliminate antigens?

A
  • Cell-mediated pathway

- Humoral pathway

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23
Q

Cell-mediated pathway is primarily mediated by what cells?

A

-T-cells

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24
Q

Humoral pathway is mediated by what cells?

A

-B-cells

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25
What are the 2 types of blood circulation that occur at the spleen?
- Closed Circulation | - Open Circulation
26
During open circulation at the spleen, what gets filtered because they can not pass between stave cells and reenter sinusoids?
-aged RBCs
27
During closed circulation in the spleen what vessels connect directly into the sinusoids?
Penicillar Arterioles
28
Primary Lymphocytes undergo ___ proliferation
Antigen independent
29
Secondary lymphocytes undergo ____ proliferation
Antigen dependent
30
During antigen independent proliferation, cells are differentiated into ______ cells
Immunecompetent cells
31
During antigen-dependent proliferation, cells are differentiated ion ____ cells and ____ cellls
- effector cells | - Memory cells
32
Reticular connective tissue has Reticular fibers that is composed of what type of collagen?
-Type III collagen
33
True/false all lymphatic organs have capsule
True- they are either fully encapsulated or partially encapsulated
34
True/false after puberty adults no longer have a thymus
False- the thymus is no longer visible but it is still there
35
After puberty the Thymus undergoes what?
involution
36
What are the five cells that can be found in the Thymus
- Thymocytes (T lymphoblasts) - Macrophages - Dendritic Cells - Mature T-cells - Thymic epithelial cells
37
The Thymus's connective tissue forms ____ lobules
Incomplete lobules
38
The thymus is divided into what 2 sections
Cortex and medulla
39
What kind of T-cells are found in the medulla of the thymus?
-Mature T-cells
40
What kind of T-cells can be found in the cortex of the thymus?
- Thymocytes (T lymphoblasts)
41
True/false the thymus does not have nodules
true
42
Swirls can be found in the thymus and are called __________
-Hassall's (thymic corpuscles)
43
What are the 2 functions of the Thymus
- proliferation of T-cells | - differentiation of thymocytes into mature T-cells
44
Thymic epithelial cells from what 2 barriers in the Thymus
- blood-thymus barrier | - corticomedullary barrier
45
Hassall corpuscles are formed from what cells?
Thymic epithelial cells
46
Cortical capillaries that are surrounded by a sheath made by thymic epithelial form the blood-thymus barriers for what reason?
To prevent circulating antigens from entering the thymic cortex
47
What percentage of T-cells pass the 2 selection process in thymus?
2%
48
After the T-cells pass the 2 selection process in thymus and enter the periphery, what are they classified as?
Immunocompetent
49
What type of factors are required for differentiation, selection and migration of thymocytes in the Thymus?
Paracrine factors
50
What does MALT stand for?
Mucosa-associated Lymphatic Tissue
51
What is found in mucosa of systems connected to external environment that is also called MALT
Diffuse
52
What is a localized concentrations of lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells?
Nodules
53
Where can Nodules be found?
MALT and other secondary lymphoid organs
54
Nodules are primarily composed of what lymphocytes
B-cells
55
What are the white centers found in nodules called?
Germinal Centers
56
Germinal centers are an indicator of what?
An antigens presence
57
What cells are found in Germinal Centers
- Large lymphocytes | - Macrophages
58
What does FAE stand for?
Follicle Associated Epithelium
59
Where can M-cells be found?
With FAE
60
Irregular masses of lymphoid tissue are called?
-Tonsils
61
Tonsils are ____ encapsulated
-Incompletely
62
What are the three tonsils
- Palatine - Pharyngeal - Lingual
63
Palatine Tonsils are lined with what kind of epithelium?
Stratified squamous epithelium
64
The Pharyngeal tonsil is lined with what kind of epithelium?
-Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
65
Lingual tonsils are lined by what kind of epithelium?
-stratified squamous epithelium
66
What tonsils can be found in the surface of the posterior third of the tongue?
-Lingual
67
The folds that are found in most tonsils are called what?
-Crypts
68
Crypts can be found in all tonsils but ____
-Pharyngeal tonsil
69
True/false Nodules are not present in tonsils
-False- Nodules can be found in Tonsils
70
The appendix contains ____ which typically almost fill the mucosa completely
- nodules
71
Lymph nodes have ____ and ____ lymph vessels
- afferent | - efferent
72
Afferent lymphatic vessels carries lymph that is (filtered or unfiltered) to the lymph nodes
-unfiltered
73
Efferent lymphatic vessels carries lymph that is (filtered or unfiltered) to the lymph nodes
-Filtered
74
What is filtered through the lymph node?
- Antigens - lymphocytes - APCs
75
The medulla in the lymph nodes are composed of what two structures
- cords of tissue | - Sinuses
76
The spleen is separated into what two kinds of pulp?
- Red pulp | - White pulp
77
The red pulp filters ___ through a closed or open route
-Blood
78
Red pulp is composed of what kind of fibers?
Reticular fibers
79
What 5 cells can be found in red pulp
- T-lymphocytes - B-lymphocytes - Plasma cells - macrophages - blood cells
80
What are the specialized endothelial cells that line the sinusoids separate cords in the red pulp of the spleen?
Stave cells
81
What is the sheath that surrounds the central arteriole passing through the white pulp?
-Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
82
True/False Germinal centers can be seen in the white pulp
true
83
The spleen can be found in what abdominal quadrant?
-upper left Quadrant
84
The spleen is composed of what two structures
Capsule and trabeculae
85
Red pulp serves what 2 functions
- Filter blood | - Recycle iron
86
White pulp makes up what percentage of the spleen?
-20%
87
White pulp serves what 2 functions?
- immune responses against blood-borne antigens | - lymphocytes & antibodies produced for circulation
88
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) is made up of what cells?
T-cells
89
Nodules formed in the PALS are composed of what cells?
B-cells
90
90% of lymphocytes enter the lymph nodes via _____
High Endothelial Venules
91
The nodules in the lymph nodes are separated surrounded by what two structures that extend from the capsule
- Reticular fibers | - Trebeculae

Histology Final (5 decks)

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