Circulatory System

Question 1

Major capillary beds of the circulatory system

Answer 1

Question 2

Arteries are valveless with the exception of. . .

Answer 2

The aortic valve

Question 3

Stenosis

Answer 3

Narrowing

Question 4

Arteries running under the clavicles are. . .

Answer 4

the subclavian arteries

Question 5

The artery running from under the clavicle and through the shoulder is the

Answer 5

axillary artery

Question 6

The artery supplying the brachium is the

Answer 6

brachial artery

Question 7

In the antebrachium, the brachial artery splits into the. . .

Answer 7

radial and ulnar arteries.

Question 8

Collateral vessels

Answer 8

Encircle and supply joints

Question 9

Two circuits of the circulatory system

Answer 9

Pulmonary and systemic

Question 10

Arterioles are capable of. . .

Answer 10

dilation and constriction.

They control the supply to capillaries via controling their own diameters and via precapillary sphincters.

Question 11

Capacitance

Answer 11

Ability of the circulatory system to hold a large supply of blood.

Question 12

Where there’s an artery. . .

Answer 12

there’s a vein.

This holds true with the exception of the outermost layers of the integument.

Question 13

Most notable exceptions to vein/artery naming convention

Answer 13

Jugular vein and Carotid artery

Question 14

Comparaed to arteries, veins have. . .

Answer 14

less smooth muscle and a larger lumen

Question 15

Heart diagram

Answer 15

Question 16

The menubrium is located. . .

Answer 16

Inferior to the sternal notch

Question 17

The aorta may be divided into sections by. . .

Answer 17

Imaging a line between the sternal angle (where the sternal notch meets the sternal body) and T4-T5 intervertebral space.

Question 18

The ascending aorta

Answer 18

Most proximal region to the heart. Contains the aortic valve, the only valve in the arterial system. Gives rise to the left and right coronary arteries, which supply blood to the myocardial muscle.

Question 19

The aortic arch

Answer 19

Located just above the sternal angle in what is referred to as the superior mediastinum.

Gives rise first to the right brachiocephalic artery (arm-head), then to the common corotid, then to the left subclavian artery.

Question 20

Descending thoracic aorta

Answer 20

Portion of the aorta past the aortic arch and beneath the superior mediastinum, on the left side of the spine.

Gives rise to the bronchial arteries (left/right) of the lungs and the intercostal arteries (which run between the ribs) and the diaphragm by superior phrenic arteries (left/right).

Question 21

The abdominal aorta

Answer 21

Gives rise to paired and unpaired vessels of many organs.

Branches first to the diaphragm and adrenal glands, then provides unpaired vessels to the foregut GI tract, then unpaired to the spleen, then an unpaired superior mesenteric artery which supplies the midgut GI system, and paired renal arteries to the kidneys and adrenals.

Paired gonadal arteries supply the ovaries or testes. The final unpaired artery supplies the hindgut GI.

At every vertebral segment, the abdominal aorta provides paired lumbar arteries to the back.

Question 22

Aorta diagram

Answer 22

Question 23

Role of the lymph

Answer 23

Question 24

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 24

Channels to the base of the right internal jugular vein joining the right subclavian vein to form the right brachiocephalic vein

Question 25

Regions drained by right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Answer 25

Question 26

Thoracic duct

Answer 26

drains into the left internal jugular vein where it joins the left subclavian vein to form the left brachiocephalic vein.

Question 27

Lymphatic vessels always run parallel to

Answer 27

a vein

Question 28

Anastomosis

Answer 28

Communication, direct or indirect, between two blood vessels or other tubular structures

Question 29

Anastomoses and occlusions

Answer 29

Question 30

Contraction of the heart chamber

Answer 30

systole

Question 31

Dilation of the heart chamber

Answer 31

diastole

Question 32

Coronary arteries

Answer 32

The associated veins rarely cause disease and so are not covered in great detail.

Question 33

Technique for heart palpation

Answer 33

Question 34

Layers of the heart

Answer 34

Question 35

Hepatic portal circulation

Answer 35

Question 36

Fetal circulation

Answer 36

Question 37

Structure of a capillary

Answer 37

A single layer of endothelium and its basement membrane

Question 38

Venus sinuses

Answer 38

Veins containing no smooth muscle at all. Exist in two places in the body: the coronary sinuses and the dural venous sinuses of the brain.

Question 39

Mechanisms of venous return

Answer 39

Question 40

The apex beat of the heart may be found in. . .

Answer 40

The 5th intercostal space on the left.

The apex of the heart is the left atrium.

Question 41

Role of ductus venosus

Answer 41

Blood from umbilical vein passes through this, circumventing the liver, going to the vena cava

Question 42

Role of the Foramen ovale

Answer 42

Foramen ovale conducts blood from the right ventricle to the left ventricle to circumvent fetal lungs.

Question 43

Role of the ductus arteriosus

Answer 43

Ductus arteriosus conducts blood that may have made it into the pulmonary circulation back into the main circulation to ensure blood gets to the brain ASAP.

Question 44

Vein that phlebotomists draw from

Answer 44

The medial cubital vein

Tethered to the deep venal system and so it does not roll as much as other superficial veins.