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HMS Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Meningeal Layers

A

The epidural space, between the vertebrae and dura, is the location used for placing epidural anesthetic to block pain impulses entering the spinal core.

The subarachnoid space, between the pia and arachnoid, is used for placement of spinal anesthetic and is where CSF would be drawn for testing.

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2
Q

Spinal and Cranial nerves

A
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3
Q

Elongation of the spinal cord ___ while elongation of the spine ___.

A

Elongation of the spinal cord ceases in childhood while elongation of the spine continues into adolescence.

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4
Q

Spinal cord segment

A

Region of the spinal cord contributing to one pair of spinal nevers.

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5
Q

In most adults, the spinal cord ends at ___.

A

In most adults, the spinal cord ends at the L2 vertebral level.

This is taken advantage of for spinal puncture, which is always done inferior to the L2 vertebra. Instruments which are used for puncture are also designed to push away and thereby protect spinal nerves rather than puncturing them.

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6
Q
A

C.

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve nomenclature

A
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8
Q

Spinal nerve nomenclature

A
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9
Q

Spinal cord axial section

A

Here the “white matter” is shown in yellow.

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10
Q

Spinal cord nuclei and ganglia

A
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11
Q

Spinal roots and rami

A
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12
Q

Dorsal Rami Distribution

A
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13
Q

Dermatomes

A
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14
Q

Ventral Rami Distribution in Thorax and Abdomen

A
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15
Q

Ventral Rami Distribution Outside of Thorax and Abdomen

A
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16
Q

Which category of nerves convey sensation from which dermatomes?

A

Cranial nerves convey sensation from the face and underlying structures

Ventral rami convey sensations from all dermatomes except the central back

Dorsal rami convey sensations from the dermatomes of the central back

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17
Q
A

C.

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18
Q
A

B.

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19
Q

Spinal nerve types and organization

A
20
Q

Spinal nerve modality summary

A
21
Q

Cranial nerve modality summary

A

Note that there are no sympathetic visceral motor neurons.

22
Q

Spinal nerve fiber packaging

A
23
Q

Pathways and targets of somatic motor and visceral motor neurons

A
24
Q

Pathways and targets of somatic sensory and visceral sensory neurons

A
25
Q

No ____ fibers travel through the dorsal root.

A

No motor fibers travel through the dorsal root.

26
Q

Injury of a spinal nerve would cause. . .

A

Dorsal and ventral loss of somatic motor, somatic sensory, visceral motor, and visceral sensory activity to the associated dermatomes and underlying tissue.

Remember, a spinal nerve is where dorsal and ventral roots meet and share fibers to supply dorsal and ventral rami.

27
Q

Root = ____

Ramus = ____

Spinal nerve = ____

A

Root = sensory

Ramus = motor

Spinal nerve = both

28
Q

Dorsal = _____

Ventral = _____

A

Dorsal = posterior

Ventral = anterior

29
Q
A

B.

30
Q

Brudzinski’s Sign

A

her hips and knee flex forward when you attempt to flex her neck

31
Q

Kernig’s tests

A

While a patients lies supine, you flex the hip to a right angle to the trunk with the ipsilateral knee flexed; the ipsilateral knee is then extended. The test is positive if the patient has severe neck/back pain and reflexively flexes upward

32
Q

Most common port of entry to meninges by bacteria

A

The nasal cavity

33
Q

Cauda equina

A

Nerves which descend past the end of the spinal cord at L2 which must be avoided when taking cerebrospinal fluid.

34
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid should be taken from adults from between. . .

A

L4 and L5

35
Q

At birth, the spinal cord ends between. . .

A

L1 and L3

36
Q

By adulthood, the spinal cord ends between. . .

A

L1 and L2

37
Q
A
38
Q

How many cervical pairs and vertebrae are there?

A

8 cervical pairs, 7 cervical vertebrae.

C1 nerves pass above the C1 vertebra, C8 nerves pass below the C7 vertebra.

39
Q

Nipple line

A

T4 dermatome

40
Q

Umbilicus line

A

T10 dermatome

41
Q

Anhydrosis

A

Lack of sweating

42
Q

Parasthesias

A

tingling sensation

43
Q

Herpes simplex hides in. . .

A

Dorsal root ganglia

44
Q

In a case of squashed nerve fibers. . .

A

Sensory nerves are affected before motor ones, so pain is an earlier finding than weakness. Also because each location only has one afferent nerve fiber, but multiple efferent nerve fibers.

45
Q

Afferent signals enter. . .

A

at multiple locations

46
Q

Efferent signals exit. . .

A

At one origin, but then branches

47
Q
A

HMS Anatomy (15 decks)

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