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Biology > Circulatory System/hormones > Flashcards

Circulatory System/hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Pressure in arteries?

A

High

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2
Q

Pressure in veins?

A

Low

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3
Q

Pulmonary artery?

A

Gives blood to lungs

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4
Q

Pulmonary vein ?

A

Retrieved blood from lungs

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5
Q

Aorta and vena cava?

A

Blood from and to body

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6
Q

Pulmonary circuit?

A

Between heart and lungs

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7
Q

Systemic circuit?

A

Between heart and rest of the organs

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8
Q

How does oxygen get into the blood?

A

Oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood, and is absorbed by haemoglobin in red blood cells

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9
Q

How does the body excrete carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air in alveoli

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10
Q

Features of arteries?

A

Thick muscular walls(for high pressure)

Small passage ways

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11
Q

Features of veins?

A

Thin walls (low pressure)
Have larger pathways
Valves to prevent blood from going backwards

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12
Q

Capillary features?

A

Found in muscles and lungs
Low blood pressure
One cell thick
Gas exchange takes place

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13
Q

General circuit

A

Vein->atrium->ventricle->artery

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14
Q

Effects of exercise on heart?

A

Contracts more often

Contracts more powerfully (stroke volume increases)

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15
Q

Cardiac output (litres per min) equation

A

Cardiac output=stroke volume X heart rate

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16
Q

Anaerobic respiration equation?

A

Glucose->lactic acid

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17
Q

Aerobic respiration equation?

A

Glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide (energy)

18
Q

Heart adaptations?

A

Valves to stop blood going the wrong way. Differing muscle thickness. Thicker muscles on the side that pumps the blood round the body.

19
Q

Types of blood vessel?

A

Vein artery capillary

20
Q

Type of blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes, phagocytes, lymphocytes

21
Q

Phagocytes and lymphocytes?

A

(Both white blood cells)
Phagocytes-surround and digest foreign cells
Lymphocytes-produce antibodies to fight off foreign cells

22
Q

Erythrocytes?

A

(Red blood cells)

Carries oxygen

23
Q

Testes?

A

Testosterone

24
Q

Pituitary gland?

A

Releases FSH and LH

25
Q

Thyroid?

A

Thyroxine

26
Q

Adrenal glands?

A

Adrenaline, sparks fight or flight response

27
Q

Pancreas?

A

Insulin- balance blood glucose levels

28
Q

Ovaries?

A

Oestrogen

29
Q

Barrier methods of contraception?

A

Condom stops STI and pregnancy

Diaphragm stops pregnancy but not STI

30
Q

Hormonal contraception?

A

Pill and coil stop pregnancy but not STI

31
Q

Disadvantages IVF?

A

Side affects of the drugs, can increase cancer risks, expensive, 40% success rate

32
Q

Homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment

Eg, water, temp, blood glucose

33
Q

What happens when blood glucose is too high?

A

Eat and blood glucose levels rise
This is picked up by pancreas
Pancreas produces insulin
Insulin causes cell to remove glucose from blood
Liver and muscle cells can convert glucose into glycogen and store it
Causes blood sugar levels to fall

34
Q

What happens when blood sugar levels are too low?

A 
Picked up by pancreas
Pancreas produces glucagon 
Glucose stored returns to blood 
Glycogen-> glucose
Causes levels to rise
35
Q

Diabetes type 1?

A

Cause: pancreas doesn’t work
Treatments: insulin injections

36
Q

Diabetes type 2?

A

Cause: cells start to become insensitive to insulin
Treatment: controlling diet, excersize

37
Q

Symptoms of diabetes?

A

Loss of weight, increase need to urinate, thirsty, blurry eyesight, fatigue, hunger

38
Q

Respiration?

A

Glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water

39
Q

Respiration is?

A

Exothermic

40
Q

Anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose-> energy and lactic acid
Without oxygen
Lactic acid is toxic and too much causes oxygen debt which is painful
Doesn’t produce as much energy as aerobic

41
Q

Anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Yeast+glucose->carbon dioxide+ethanol

Ethanol used for drinks

42
Q

Menstrual cycle?

A

Production of FSH(eggs mature) triggers production of oestrogen(builds womb lining)
Production of oestrogen triggers production of LH(ovulation)
When an egg is not fertilised that triggers production of progesterone

Biology (8 decks)

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