Circulatory System/hormones

Question 1

Pressure in arteries?

Answer 1

High

Question 2

Pressure in veins?

Answer 2

Low

Question 3

Pulmonary artery?

Answer 3

Gives blood to lungs

Question 4

Pulmonary vein ?

Answer 4

Retrieved blood from lungs

Question 5

Aorta and vena cava?

Answer 5

Blood from and to body

Question 6

Pulmonary circuit?

Answer 6

Between heart and lungs

Question 7

Systemic circuit?

Answer 7

Between heart and rest of the organs

Question 8

How does oxygen get into the blood?

Answer 8

Oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood, and is absorbed by haemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 9

How does the body excrete carbon dioxide?

Answer 9

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air in alveoli

Question 10

Features of arteries?

Answer 10

Thick muscular walls(for high pressure)

Small passage ways

Question 11

Features of veins?

Answer 11

Thin walls (low pressure)
Have larger pathways
Valves to prevent blood from going backwards

Question 12

Capillary features?

Answer 12

Found in muscles and lungs
Low blood pressure
One cell thick
Gas exchange takes place

Question 13

General circuit

Answer 13

Vein->atrium->ventricle->artery

Question 14

Effects of exercise on heart?

Answer 14

Contracts more often

Contracts more powerfully (stroke volume increases)

Question 15

Cardiac output (litres per min) equation

Answer 15

Cardiac output=stroke volume X heart rate

Question 16

Anaerobic respiration equation?

Answer 16

Glucose->lactic acid

Question 17

Aerobic respiration equation?

Answer 17

Glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide (energy)

Question 18

Heart adaptations?

Answer 18

Valves to stop blood going the wrong way. Differing muscle thickness. Thicker muscles on the side that pumps the blood round the body.

Question 19

Types of blood vessel?

Answer 19

Vein artery capillary

Question 20

Type of blood cells?

Answer 20

Erythrocytes, phagocytes, lymphocytes

Question 21

Phagocytes and lymphocytes?

Answer 21

(Both white blood cells)
Phagocytes-surround and digest foreign cells
Lymphocytes-produce antibodies to fight off foreign cells

Question 22

Erythrocytes?

Answer 22

(Red blood cells)

Carries oxygen

Question 23

Testes?

Answer 23

Testosterone

Question 24

Pituitary gland?

Answer 24

Releases FSH and LH

Question 25

Thyroid?

Answer 25

Thyroxine

Question 26

Adrenal glands?

Answer 26

Adrenaline, sparks fight or flight response

Question 27

Pancreas?

Answer 27

Insulin- balance blood glucose levels

Question 28

Ovaries?

Answer 28

Oestrogen

Question 29

Barrier methods of contraception?

Answer 29

Condom stops STI and pregnancy | Diaphragm stops pregnancy but not STI

Question 30

Hormonal contraception?

Answer 30

Pill and coil stop pregnancy but not STI

Question 31

Disadvantages IVF?

Answer 31

Side affects of the drugs, can increase cancer risks, expensive, 40% success rate

Question 32

Homeostasis?

Answer 32

Maintenance of a constant internal environment | Eg, water, temp, blood glucose

Question 33

What happens when blood glucose is too high?

Answer 33

Eat and blood glucose levels rise This is picked up by pancreas Pancreas produces insulin Insulin causes cell to remove glucose from blood Liver and muscle cells can convert glucose into glycogen and store it Causes blood sugar levels to fall

Question 34

What happens when blood sugar levels are too low?

Answer 34

``` Picked up by pancreas Pancreas produces glucagon Glucose stored returns to blood Glycogen-> glucose Causes levels to rise ```

Question 35

Diabetes type 1?

Answer 35

Cause: pancreas doesn’t work Treatments: insulin injections

Question 36

Diabetes type 2?

Answer 36

Cause: cells start to become insensitive to insulin Treatment: controlling diet, excersize

Question 37

Symptoms of diabetes?

Answer 37

Loss of weight, increase need to urinate, thirsty, blurry eyesight, fatigue, hunger

Question 38

Respiration?

Answer 38

Glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water

Question 39

Respiration is?

Answer 39

Exothermic

Question 40

Anaerobic respiration?

Answer 40

Glucose-> energy and lactic acid Without oxygen Lactic acid is toxic and too much causes oxygen debt which is painful Doesn’t produce as much energy as aerobic

Question 41

Anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 41

Yeast+glucose->carbon dioxide+ethanol | Ethanol used for drinks

Question 42

Menstrual cycle?

Answer 42

Production of FSH(eggs mature) triggers production of oestrogen(builds womb lining) Production of oestrogen triggers production of LH(ovulation) When an egg is not fertilised that triggers production of progesterone