Health And Disease

Question 1

Disease?

Answer 1

A problem with a structure or process in the body that is not due to injury.

Question 2

Non communicable?

Answer 2

Not infectious, can’t be passed on

Question 3

Communicable?

Answer 3

Can be passed on, infectious

Question 4

Causes of scurvy?

Answer 4

Lack of vitamin C, bleeding gums, aching muscles

Question 5

Causes of rickets?

Answer 5

Lack of vitamin D or calcium makes curvy bones

Question 6

Anaemia cause?

Answer 6

Lack of iron, tiredness, less and smaller red blood cells

Question 7

BMI equation?

Answer 7

BMI=mass/height (squared)

Question 8

Smoking affects?

Answer 8

Damage artery lining, builds fat in artery wall, blood clot may block artery

Question 9

How to treat cardiovascular disease?

Answer 9

With a stent, which is a mesh tube which holds it open to widen to let more blood through

Question 10

Virus?

Answer 10

Virus’ aren’t true organisms because they do not have cellular structure. They multiply by infecting a cell.

Question 11

Carriers of a disease are also called?

Answer 11

Vectors

Question 12

Example of physical barriers?

Answer 12

Skin

Question 13

Example of chemical barrier?

Answer 13

Sweat, mucus, tears

Question 14

Process of lymphocyte attacking a pathogen?

Answer 14

Lymphocytes have antibodies, other cells and viruses have antigens on their surface. When a lymphocyte comes into contact with a pathogen and their antibody fits the antigen it activates the lymphocyte and it multiplies and send out large amounts of antibodies which deactivate the pathogen

Question 15

What are memory lymphocytes?

Answer 15

Lymphocytes that have attacked a pathogen in the last will now have a much quicker secondary response if the pathogen is in the body again, making you immune to that pathogen

Question 16

Discovery of penicillin?

Answer 16

He found where mould grew, bacteria was killed. He concluded mould made penicillin. It became the first antibiotic

Question 17

Cholera?

Answer 17

Bacteria spread through water. Effects the elderly, babies and pregnant women the most. Causes diarrhoea and in turn causes dehydration

Question 18

Tuberculosis?

Answer 18

Bacteria spread through coughing and sneezing. Causes bloody cough, fever, fatigue and can be fatal. Can prevent through BCG vaccine

Question 19

Stomach ulcers?

Answer 19

Bacteria spread through sick. Causes vomiting blood, blood in poo and very painful

Question 20

Ebola?

Answer 20

Virus spread through body fluids. Cause vomiting, rash, liver and kidneys to stop working. Highly contagious

Question 21

Chlamydia?

Answer 21

Bacteria spread through unprotected sex. Smelly discharge, pain when urinating , swollen testicles. Can cause you to become infertile

Question 22

HIV?

Answer 22

Virus spread through sharing needles, unprotected sex, or childbirth .Attacks white blood cells so immune system is weakened. Can cause AIDS which means any disease can become fatal

Question 23

Malaria?

Answer 23

Parasite spread through female mosquitoes. Causes fever, diarrhoea, sweats and chills, vomiting. It can be lethal

Question 24

How immune system attacks?

Answer 24

White blood cells produce engulf pathogens and digest them. White blood cells produce antibodies to recognise them. They provide antitoxins to counteract bacterial toxins

Question 25

How does bacteria become antibiotic resistant?

Answer 25

Antibiotics kill off non-resistant bacteria and bacteria multiply so quickly that mutations which make them resistant are made then they multiply quickly and spread because they survive

Question 26

3 things new drugs need to be tested for?

Answer 26

Toxicity- side effects Efficacy- how good is it compared to what’s already on the market Dose- how much of it is needed

Question 27

Cardiovascular disease?

Answer 27

Fat clogs up coronary artieries Blood clots form that block arteries Risk factors are smoking, salty or fatty diet, high blood pressure

Question 28

BMIs healthy or not?

Answer 28

Lower 18.4= underweight 18.5-24.9=healthy 25-29.9=overweight 30+ obese

Question 29

How to test fir fats/lipids?

Answer 29

Emulsion test- add ethanol and water and shake. If present it will turn cloudy

Question 30

How to test for starch?

Answer 30

Iodine test- add iodine and if it’s present it will turn black or blue

Question 31

Test for sugar?

Answer 31

Benedict’s test- add benedict’s solution, heat for two minutes. If there’s lots of sugar it will be red, pale green or yellow if there’s only a little

Question 32

Test for protein?

Answer 32

Buiret’s test- add biurets solution and if it turns purple it is present