Circulatory System Test

Question 1

the cardiac muscle itself is also known as the

Answer 1

myocardium

Question 2

area of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins

Answer 2

left atrium

Question 3

where is the bicuspid valve located

Answer 3

between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 4

where is the tricuspid valves located

Answer 4

between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 5

what type of blood is in the superior and inferior vena cavas

Answer 5

deoxygenated

Question 6

where do the vena caves empty into

Answer 6

atriums

Question 7

what is another name for the “pacemaker” of the heart

Answer 7

sinoatrial node (SA)

Question 8

having a slower than normal heart rate

Answer 8

bradycardia

Question 9

which veins carry oxygen

Answer 9

pulmonary veins and umbilical veins

Question 10

volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heart beat

Answer 10

stroke volume

Question 11

pathway of blood after the aorta

Answer 11

blood leaves the aorta and is distributed throughout the body. Enters through the heart again and into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena caves. Then it passes thought he tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle. Then it goes through the pulmonary semilunar valves to the pulmonary trunk where it is carried to the lungs via the left and right pulmonary arteries. It is then returned to the heart by the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium where it passes through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. Then goes back through the aorta by passing through the aortic semilunar valves.

Question 12

differences between arteries and veins

Answer 12

ARTERIES:
-thick tunica media
-smaller lumen
-no valves
-close to heart in terms of circulation
-high pressure
VEINS:
-thin tunic media
-larger lumen
-has valves
-far from the heart in terms of circulation
-low pressure

Question 13

where is the carotid vein located?

Answer 13

in the neck (supplies blood to the brain, neck, and face)

Question 14

what is the purpose of the renal vein and what vein does it empty into

Answer 14

PURPOSE:
-drain de-oxygenated blood from the kidneys
-alters blood volume to regulate arterial pressure
WHAT VEIN IT EMPTIES TO:
-inferior vena cava

Question 15

what does the umbilical vein carry? Where to and from?

Answer 15

carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood to placenta to the fetus

Question 16

what does the umbilical artery carry? Where to and from?

Answer 16

carries oxygen and nutrient poor blood from fetus to placenta

Question 17

what causes the lub dup sound

Answer 17

lub=AV valves closing

dup=semilunar valves closing

Question 18

what causes the heart rate to increase when the sympathetic nervous system is involved?

Answer 18

epinephrine and thyroxine

Question 19

what organs are involved with the hepatic portal circulation

Answer 19

gastrointestinal organs

Question 20

what is the pathway of the intrinsic conduction system starting with the sinoatrial node?

Answer 20

Sinoatrial Node (SA) to the atrioventricular node (AV) to the atrioventricular bundle to the bundle branches to the purkinje fibers

Question 21

what artery feeds blood to the armpit

Answer 21

axillary artery

Question 22

which vein drains the back of the brain

Answer 22

the anterior retromandibular, facial, and lingual veins

Question 23

what chamber pumps blood to the lungs

Answer 23

right ventricle

Question 24

what chamber pumps blood to the body

Answer 24

left ventricle

Question 25

fibrillation

Answer 25

rapid, uncoordinated contractions. Cause: ischemia. treatment: defibrillator

Question 26

what is arteriosclerosis? what causes it? where is it happening?

Answer 26

thickening and hardening of the artery walls, usually happens due to old age

Question 27

high blood pressure

Answer 27

hypertension - makes heart overwork - can cause small tears in blood vessels

Question 28

angina pectoris

Answer 28

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart

Question 29

atria

Answer 29

The upper two heart chambers

Question 30

cardiac output

Answer 30

the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Question 31

endocardium

Answer 31

the thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.

Question 32

lungs

Answer 32

organs in your chest that allow your body to take in oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the body

Question 33

peripheral resistance

Answer 33

the resistance of the arteries to blood flow

Question 34

pulmonary veins

Answer 34

vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Question 35

tachycardia

Answer 35

a fast resting heart rate - usually at least 100 beats per minute

Question 36

veins

Answer 36

carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart

Question 37

arotic semilunar valve

Answer 37

a valve in the human heart between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 38

ventricles

Answer 38

receive blood from the atrias and are the lower two chambers of the heart

Question 39

blood pressure

Answer 39

the blood pressure reading allows you to know the amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of your heart muscle (top #). This is called systolic pressure. The bottom number refers to your blood pressure when your heart muscle is between beats. This is called diastolic pressure

Question 40

bundle of HIS

Answer 40

it transmits electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart.

Question 41

circle of willis

Answer 41

arteries of the brain and brain stem

Question 42

epicardium

Answer 42

a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.

Question 43

heart murmur

Answer 43

an unusual heartbeat or sound during a heartbeat

Question 44

hypotension

Answer 44

abnormally low blood pressure

Question 45

myocardial infarction

Answer 45

blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle (aka heart attack)

Question 46

pulmonary arteries

Answer 46

the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation

Question 47

pulse

Answer 47

palpation/beat of the heart

Question 48

stethoscope

Answer 48

used to listen to the heart and lungs

Question 49

arteries

Answer 49

carrying in most cases oxygenated blood toward the body

Question 50

atrioventricular node

Answer 50

controls the heart rate

Question 51

capillaries

Answer 51

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules

Question 52

diastolic pressure

Answer 52

blood pressure when your heart muscle is between beats (bottom number)

Question 53

fetal circulation

Answer 53

circulatory system of the fetus

Question 54

hepatic portal system

Answer 54

the system of veins comprising the hepatic portal vein and its tributaries. It is responsible for directing the blood of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 55

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 55

lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps

Question 56

purkinje fibers

Answer 56

carry the contraction impulse from both the left and right bundle branch to the myocardium of the ventricles

Question 57

systolic pressure

Answer 57

The top number of a blood pressure reading that refers to the amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of your heart muscle

Question 58

varicose veins

Answer 58

occur when your veins become enlarged, dilated, and overfilled with blood