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OMS - 2 Neuro Final > CIS III > Flashcards

CIS III Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

_______ deficiency can cause peripheral neuropathy

A

B12

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2
Q

______ must be measured to ensure patients on warfarin.

A

INR (normal 2.5-3.5)

PTT

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3
Q

3 cardiac tests for post-stroke patients presenting w/neurocognitive deficits

A
  1. echo
  2. carotid US
  3. EKG
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4
Q
A

meningioma

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5
Q

meningiomas arise from ______ cells

A

meningothelial cells of the arachnoid layers (aka arachnoid cells)

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6
Q

patients w/ _____ have an increased risk of meningiomas

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

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7
Q

merlin is a cytoskeleton protein that appears to regulate _______,

A

membrane receptor signaling

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8
Q

NF2 gene encodes _____

A

merlin

(contact inhibition of tumor growth)

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9
Q

Meningiomas grade ______ have a lower risk of regrowth after treatment

A

WHO grad 1-2

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10
Q
A

syncytial meningioma: note psammoma body (yellow) and oval nuclei w/central clearing

(WHO grade I)

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11
Q
A
  • Yellow arrow: psammoma body
  • Black arrow: oval nuclei w/central clearing
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12
Q
A

Fibroblastic meningioma

(note: collagen deposition & growth pattern)

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13
Q

meningiomas that invade the brain are grade ______

A

2

(grade 3 can invade also)

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14
Q

WHO grade 2 meningiomas have ______ (3 characteristics)

A
  1. increased cellularity foci of necrosis
  2. grow in sheets
  3. increased N/C ratio
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15
Q

Malignant meningiomas (grade 3) have _______ (2 characteristics)

A
  1. sarcomatous histology
  2. >20 mitoses per 10 hpf
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16
Q

malignant meningiomas (grade 3) can metastasis to _____

A

anywhere inside or outside CNS

(bones, lymph nodes, abdomen, etch)

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17
Q

Most meningiomas are attached to the ______.

A

underlying dura (WHO grade 1 won’t invade the meningioma; majority of cases)

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18
Q

Fibroblastic meningiomas are grade ______ .

A

1

(fibroblasts, collagen present on histology)

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19
Q

WHO grade 2 meningioma shows _______-like (2) growth with increased cellularity

A
  1. sheet-like
  2. pattern-less
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20
Q
A

chordoid meningioma; grade 2

(loose & empty stroma, chords & nests of tumor cells w/epithelioid appearance w/mucopolysaccarides)

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21
Q

Meningioma type? Grade?

A
  • Atypical meningioma; clear cell
  • WHO grade 2

(tumor cells w/abundant clear cytoplasm)

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22
Q

Meningioma type?

Grade?

A
  • papillary meningioma
  • WHO grade 3
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23
Q

_____ and _____ meningiomas appear similarly on histology.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • rhabdoid
  • papillary
24
Q

wait and see approach for meningiomas that have _____ (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. no edema
  2. no invasion
25
large, infiltrating meningiomas treatment recommendations
resection/surgery | (before radiation)
26
atypical meningioma treatment (2)
1. rersection w/histopathology confirmation 2. then radiation to prevent recurrence
27
The primary event in the pathogenesis of ADis the generation of \_\_\_\_\_- in the CNS neurons
AB (amyloid beta peptides)
28
amyloid precursor protein
APP
29
Majory secondary event in AD is the aggregation of _______ in the CNS neurons
hyperphosphorylated tau
30
2 major histo findings in AD
1. neurofibrillary tangles 2. neuritic plaques
31
Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_; neuritic plaques are an aggregation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* hyperphosphorylated tau * aB peptides
32
Black arrows?
severely atrophic hippocampus
33
Dx?
alzheimer disease : enlarged lateral ventricles (temporal horns) and third ventricles
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe is particularly affected by AD
medial portion of the temporal
35
enlarged ventricles in AD is secondary to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
brain parenchyma attrophy (hydrocephalus ex vacuo)
36
neurofibrillary tangle: contains aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau
37
neurofibrillary tangle in AD are ______ shaped
flame: contains hyperphosphorylated tau
38
neurofibrillary tangles are composed of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
hyperphosphorylated 3R & 4R tau
39
silver stain of neurofibrillary tangle: hyperphosphorylated tau
40
neuritic/senile plaque: neuronal processes/neuritic/dystrophic neurons (aB peptide aggregation. Remnants of the dendrites of the neuron)
41
***_psammomatous meningioma_***: note numerous psammoma bodies (laminated calcified concretions)
42
Type of meningioma? Grade?
* atypical meningioma * WHO grade 2 (NOTE: solid sheet of tumor w/increased cellularity, hyperchromatic nuclei and ⇡ N/C ratio)
43
Grade?
WHO Grade 2 (clear cell meningioma; note: polygonal tumor cells w/clear cytoplasm & oval nuclei; **separated by prominent bands of collagen**)
44
Meningioma type? Grade?
* atypical meningioma/malignant * WHO Grade 2 (note the invasion into brain parenchyma)
45
meningioma type? grade?
* Papillary * grade 3/malignant
46
meningioma type? Grade?
* Rhabdoid meningioma * WHO Grade 3/malignant (note eccentric hyperchromatic nuclei; eosinophilic)
47
2 major types of FTLD
1. FTLD-Tau 2. FTLD-TDP
48
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ protein aggregates in FTLD-TDP
TDP-43
49
Some patients w/FTLD also have \_\_\_\_\_\_.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
50
Prototypical FTLD is ______ disease
Pick
51
Pick Disease: atrophy of the frontal loabe and gyri
52
Pick disease (note: frontal & temporal lobes show sulcal widening and knife-edge gyral atrophy w/hydrocephalus ex vacuo)
53
Pick bodies: oval intracytoplasmic filamentous inclusions (aggregated hyperphosphorylated 3R tau)
54
Pick body
55
TDP-43 positive neurons: pick disease
56
TDP-43 positive motor neurons & glial cells (Pick disease)
57
TDP-43 positive, but there is less of it → ***_ALS_***

OMS - 2 Neuro Final (36 decks)

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