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OMS - 2 Neuro Final > Eye Infections 2 > Flashcards

Eye Infections 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Discrete foci of retinitis w/white retinal or choroidal lesions can be seen in _________ (disease).

A

cat scratch

(microbe: bartinella hensalae)

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2
Q

Parinaud’s Oculoglandular syndrome is caused by _________. Presents with _______.

A
  • Caused by cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae)
  • Conjunctivitis and neuroretinitis
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3
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis characteristics (3)

A
  1. Gram negative diplococci
  2. Oxidase positive
  3. Antibiotic resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin
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4
Q

Which microbe causes a positive hockey puck test?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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5
Q

HSV characteristics (3)

A
  1. Linear
  2. dsDNA
  3. Enveloped
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6
Q

Incubation for HSV

A

2-11 days

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7
Q

Herpes simplex virus is spread via _____

A

Contaminated secretions on mucous membranes

(incubation is 2-11 days. Most infectious during early days of primary infection)

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8
Q

Ocular herpes definition

A

HSV infection of the conjunctiva w/swollen eyelids

(If the cornea is involved it is herpes simplex keratitis)

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9
Q

Herpes simplex keratitis (aka Dendritic Keratitis) deadens _______ and forms a _____ pattern

A
  • nerves
  • Virus branches out in the dendritic pattern
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10
Q
A

Dendritic keratitis AKA herpes simplex keratitis

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11
Q

Adenovirus characteristics

A
  1. Non-enveloped
  2. Icosahedral
  3. Double-stranded DNA
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12
Q

Cytomegalovirus characteristics (2)

A
  1. Double-stranded DNA
  2. Membrane enveloped

(Latency and reactivation; related to HSV)

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13
Q

Adenovirus transmitted by _____ (2).

A
  1. Direct contact
  2. Fecal-oral

(occoasionally water-borne)

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14
Q

CMV retinitis: symptoms (3)

A
  1. floaters
  2. flashes
  3. blind spots
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15
Q

Define Pizza Pie retinopathy is caused by ______(virus) and presents with _______(3).

A
  • caused by CMV
  1. Wool spots
  2. Infiltrate
  3. Hemorrhaging
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16
Q

Retinopathies caused by CMV are prevelent in which patient population?

A
  1. Immuno-compromised
  2. Neonates of mothers who are infected
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17
Q
A

pizza pie retinopathy

(CMV virus)

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18
Q

Wart like lesions of the eyelides can form from the _____.

A

pox virus (VZV)

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19
Q

Sabouraud dextrose agar is used almost exclusively for ______.

A

fungal species

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20
Q

Most commonly seen fungi in the lab?

A

Aspergillus

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21
Q

What are the top 2 most commonly recovered fungi in opportunistic mycoses?

A
  1. Candida
  2. Aspergillus
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22
Q
A

Aspergillus, but you can’t determine the exact fungi. still gives you a direction for trmt

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23
Q

Acremonium: 3 species that cause infection

A
  1. •Acremonium falciforme
  2. •Acremonium kiliense
  3. •Acremonium recifei
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24
Q

Acremonium morphology

A

Conidia usually appears in clusters or balls

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25
*Penicillium* can cause which 2 ocular disease?
1. keratitis 2. endophthalmitis
26
*Penicillium* is a filamentous fungi that is found in _____ (3).
1. Air 2. Decaying vegetation 3. Soil
27
*Rhizopus* Causative agent for group of fungal infections classified as \_\_\_\_\_
Zygomycosis
28
Predisposing factors to zygomycosis?
1. Diabetic ketoacidosis 2. Immunosuppression
29
Zygomycosis nosocomial infections are due to \_\_\_\_(2)
1. Contaminated adhesive tape 2. Wooden tongue depressors (usually fatal)
30
Mucormycosis is an infection due to _______ species, which are _______ (route of transmission) and deadly.
1. *rhizopus* 2. inhaled or ingested
31
Rhizopus (aka black bread mold) morphology (3).
1. aseptate 2. pigmented rhizoids (root-like hyphae) 3. forms sporangiophores
32
What are the main differences between exogenous and endogenous endophthalmitis?
Exogenous follows surgery or trauma & is usually bacterial
33
Whitish chorioretinal spots with filamentous borders → causes vitreal haze and Roth's spots are clinical manifestations of _______ infection.
Candida
34
Roth's spots are associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
retinal hemorrhages (white centered hemorrhages)
35
Contact lens cases are contaminated with ____ (3).
1. Bacteria 2. Fungi 3. Protozoa (All with catalase activity)
36
Pseudomonas characteristics (3)
1. Gram-negative 2. Motile 3. Grape like odor
37
*Pseudomonas*
38
*Bacillus cereus* characteristics (5)
1. Enterotoxin 2. Heat resistant spores 3. Hemolysin 4. Phospholipase 5. Protease
39
*Acanthamoeba* are free living amoebas that require \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
NO vector or human carrier state
40
Keratitis associated with acanthamoeba is contracted from \_\_\_\_(3)
1. Wearing non-disposable lenses 2. Homemade sodium chloride Solutions 3. Wearing of contacts while swimming (have been found in swimming pools)
41
*Acanthamoeba*
42
*Staphylococcus epidermidis* characteristics (5)
1. Biofilms 2. Catalase positive 3. Coagulase-negative 4. Facultative anaerobe 5. Gram positive cocci
43
44
*Toxoplasma Gondii* is contracted by\_\_\_\_\_ (4).
1. Congenital transmission 2. Contaminated water containing tissue cysts 3. Eating contaminated meat 4. Oocytes shed by infected cats
45
*Toxoplasma Gondii* can cause which key feature of infection?
necrotic foci
46
Congential *toxoplasma gondii* affects (2 structures)
1. Chorioretinitis 2. Brain
47
3 morphological forms of *Toxoplasma Gondii*
1. cysts 2. oocysts 3. tachyzoite
48
*Toxoplasma Gondii* tachyzoite is a \_\_\_\_\_form.
vegitative
49
*Toxoplasma Gondii* sporozoites are found in \_\_\_\_\_\_.
feces
50
*Toxoplasma Gondii* labs?
IFA (immunoflourescent assay) with FITC albeled antihuman IgG (indirect: uses a direct Ab direct to the organism and another Ab with a flourescent tag)
51
Loa Loa is a \_\_\_\_\_( microbe type).
filiarial nematode
52
Loa Loa transmission & geography
1. Chrysops fly 2. West Africa
53
Chrysops fly bite humans and deposit \_\_\_\_\_\_
3rd stage larvae into the human
54
After the chysops fly bites the human and deposits 3rd stage larvae, the larvae develop into adults and produce ________ which migrates to the \_\_\_\_\_\_.
* microfilaria * blood
55
Loa Loa worms typically end up in the \_\_\_\_\_.
eye
56
*Onchocerca volvulus* is spread by ______ (vector). Causes ____ (disease).
* Simulium (the black fly) * River Blindness
57
*Onchocerca volvulus* life cycle
introduction of larvae from the bite of an infected black fly → migrate to subcutaneous tissues where they form nodules and mature into adults→ mating→female sheds microfilaria → migrate from the nodules
58
*Onchocerca volvulus* microfilaria travel along blood vessels and nerves to the eyes infecting the ____ (3).
1. Choroid 2. Cornea 3. Optic nerve
59
Dead microfilaria induce which inflammatory responses in the eyes (2)?
1. Secondary cataracts 2. Ocular lesions
60
# Define Myiasis
Infection of tissues or organs of animals or man by fly larvae
61
Myasis can cause infection of ______ (7 structures).
1. Conjunctivitis: *Oestrus ovis* (sheep botfly) 2. Eyes (opthalmomyiasis) 3. Nose 4. Paranasal sinuses 5. Skin wounds 6. Throat 7. Urogenital tract
62
63
*Moraxella catarrhalis* may cause infection in which 5 organs?
1. Respiratory 2. Middle ear 3. Eye 4. CNS 5. Joints
64
Fusarium fungal species are known to cause which 2 ocular diseases?
1. Endophthalmitis 2. Keratitis (also causes Otitis media)
65
Cat scratch disease can cause which ocular syndromes (3)?
1. Parinaud's Oculoglandular Syndrome 2. Vitritis (infection of the eye jelly) 3. Posterior uveitis (microbe: *Bartonella hensalae*)
66
Adenovirus can cause which 3 ophthalmic diseases?
1. Conjunctivitis 2. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis 3. Pharyngoconjunctival fever (also causes: common cold, Tonsillitis, Ear infection)
67
Aspergillosis may cause which 4 conditions?
1. **Opportunistic infections** 2. Allergic States 3. Endophthalmitis 4. Toxicosis
68
*Acanthamoeba* causes two distinct clinical symptoms
1. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (AIDs pts) 2. Keratitis (contact lens wearers)
69
Varicella-zoster virus can cause which ophthalmic diseases (5)?
1. Endophthalmitis 2. Keratitis 3. Lacrimal apparatus infection 4. Scleritis 5. Viral blepharitis
70
Herpes simplex virus can cause which ocular diseases (4)? (other than ocular herpes)
1. Endophthalmitis 2. Lacrimal apparatus infection 3. Scleritis 4. Viral blepharitis
71
*Candida* can cause which ophthalmic conditions (5)?
1. Conjunctivitis 2. Episcleritis 3. Exogenous and endogenous endophthalmitis 4. Iritis 5. Iritis abscess (seeding into the retina)

OMS - 2 Neuro Final (36 decks)

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