Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OMS - 2 Neuro Final > Eye Infections > Flashcards

Eye Infections Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Defense mechanisms of the eye (2)

A
  1. Tears: Lysozyme, IgA
  2. Conjunctiva: barrier protection, blood supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blepharitis definition

A

Non-contagious inflammation of the eyelash follicles and tiny oil glands along the margins of the eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dacrocystitis definition

A

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

(elderly are at a risk as their system loses elasticity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three types of conjunctivitis

A
  1. Bacterial
  2. Viral
  3. Allergic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is unique to bacterial conjunctivitis compared to viral and allergic?

A

Stringy discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a unique symptom of viral conjunctivitis compared to bacterial and allergic?

A

Watery discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a unique symptom of allergic conjunctivitis compared to viral and bacterial?

A

Typically affects both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define opthalmia neonatorum

A

Severe eye infection contracted in the birth canal of a woman with gonorrhea or chlamydia

(organisms: N. gonorrhoeae, C. Trachomatis, HSV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endophthalmitis definition & prognosis

A

Inflammation of internal tissues of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Orbital cellulitis definition

A
  • Diffuse infection of tissues in the orbit
  • causes grossly swollen eyelids and red eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Haemophilus influenzae: characteristics

A

Gram-negative rod

Nasopharyngeal mucosa resident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Haemophilus influenzae pathogenesis (3)

A
  1. Polysaccharide capsule (type B capsule is Polly ribitol phosphate) - most virulent factor
  2. IGA protease
  3. Pili attachment of respiratory epithelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Haemophilus influenzae growth requirements (2)

A
  1. X (hemin) and V (NAD) from lysed RBCs
  2. use of chocolate agar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  1. Gram positive diplococci
  2. Catalase negative
  3. Alpha-hemolytic
  4. Encapsulated IGA protease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae colony morphology

A

Alpha hemolytic on blood agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Endophthalmitis treatment

A
  1. Typically requires surgery
  2. usually hospitalization

(usually caused by bacteria or fungi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endophthalmitis causative organisms (2)

A
  1. Normal flora of the eyelids (epidermidis)
  2. Gram-negative microorganisms (pseudomons, poor prognosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Uveitis definition

A

Inflammation or swelling of the eye structure is responsible for the eyes blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Structure is responsible for the eyes’ blood supply (3)

A
  1. Iris
  2. Ciliary body
  3. Choroid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Iritis symptoms

A
  1. Photophobia
  2. Blurred vision in severe inflammation

(also common sx: redness, pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uveitis: 3 types

A
  1. Iritis
  2. Intermediate uveitis (cyclitis)
  3. Posterior uveitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a complication of periorbital cellulitis

A

It can lead to orbital cellulitis and develop into meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How do microorganisms gain entry into the orbit?
1. Trauma 2. Surgery 3. URI 4. Dental caries (drainage system is not very effective)
26
Haemophilus influenzae characteristics
1. Gram-negative 2. Bacillus, rod 3. Fastidious 4. Facultative anaerobe
27
Haemophilus influenzae: culture requirements
1. X - hemin 2. V - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3. Chocolate ogre (both X & V factors are from lysed blood. Neisseria also requires these)
28
Which 2 microorganisms require X & V factors from lysed blood?
1. *H. Influenzae* 2. *Neisseria*
29
Haemophilus influenzae pathogenicity
1. Pili attached to respiratory epithelial cells 2. Endotoxic (to ciliated cells)
30
What is the most virulent strain of haemophilus influenzae?
HiB (haemophilus influenzae type b) (we have a vax for this; prevents meningitis, pneumoniae)
31
Non encapsulated or nontypeable strains of Haemophilus influenzae cause which infections?
1. Otitis media 2. Conjunctivitis 3. Bronchitis 4. Pneumoniae
32
Patients at risk of H. influenzae?
with COPD and cystic fibrosis
33
Streptococcus pneumoniae: characteristics
1. Gram positive 2. Diplococci 3. Fastidious, facultative anaerobe 4. capsule (interferes w/phagocytosis)
34
Streptococcus pneumoniae
35
Streptococcus pneumoniae: culture requirements
1. Blood agar 2. Alpha hemolytic
36
Anit-pneumococcal vaccines are based on ________ (molecule).
pneumococcal capsular antigens
37
Define Quellung reaction
Seroyping used to identify particular capsule type (there are about 90) Antibody reacts with capsule type and causes capsular swelling
38
Staph aureus characteristics
* Gram positive * Grows in clusters
39
Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors
1. Alpha hemolysin 2. Beta hemolysin 3. Staphylococcal leukocidin 4. Coagulase 5. Hyaluronidase 6. Lipases 7. Protein A
40
Alpha hemolysin
Destroys platelets and causes severe tissue damage
41
Beta hemolysin
Acts on sphingomyelin of red blood cell membranes
42
Staphylococcal leukocidin
Exotoxin lethal to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (this is implicated in contributing to the invasiveness of staph aureus and suppression of phagocytosis)
43
Hyaluronidase virulence factor works by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissues to allow for easy spread of bacteria
44
Virulence factor protein A (staph aureus) (2)
1. Cellular component in the wall of staph aureus 2. Able to buy into the FC portion of the antibody, inhibiting phagocytosis
45
Staphylococcus epidermidis characteristics
1. Gram positive cocci 2. Coagulase negative (S. aureus is coagulase positive) 3.
46
Staphylococcus epidermidis is usually associated with which serious ophthalmic condition?
endolphthalmitis
47
Almost all \_\_\_\_\_\_infections are hospital-acquired.
staphylococcus epidermidis
48
Which microorganisms have acquired antibiotic-resistance through plasma mediated transfer?
1. *Staphylococcus epidermidis* 2. *Staphylococcus aureus*
49
*Chlamydia trachomatis* characteristics
1. Obligate intracellular parasite 2. Most common STD
50
Chlamydia trachomatis transmission (2)
1. Eye discharge 2. Eye-seeking flys
51
*Chlamydia trachomatis* life cycle
1. Alternates between a non replicating infectious **elementary body** and a replicating non-infectious **reticular body** 2. incubation for 1-3 weeks
52
53
How do you diagnose *chlamydia trachomatis*?
1. **Apple green fluorescence** on immunofluorescent slide 2. Gram stain does not work well, but it looks like Gram-negative
54
What does MOTT sound for?
Mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli
55
NTB
Non tuberculosis mycobacteria
56
MOTT infection causes (3)
1. Trauma 2. Contact lens wear 3. Wound contamination with soil and water
57
Mycobacterium fortuitum causes which diseases (2)?
1. Keratitis 2. Corneal ulcers
58
*Eikenella corrodens* characteristics
1. Microaerophilic 2. Gram-negative rods 3. Normal flora of mucosal surfaces
59
*Eikenella corrodens* culture requirements
1. CO2 environment 2. Hemin
60
Please notify the lab if a wound is from the ______ (2).
1. head or neck 2. result of human bites
61
*Eikenella corrodens* can develop into which disease(s)?
Orbital infections (not typically associated with eye infections)
62
*Eikenella corrodens* (Note the pitting on the surface of the agar medium. This is where I can unlock where it ends gets its name due to the corroded appearance.)
63
*Francisella tularensis* causes which disease?
Tularemia | (Highly infectious)
64
*Francisella tularensis* causes
1. Deer fly or tick 2. Eating undercooked meat 3. Handling rabbit carcass 4.
65
Tularemia symptoms
1. Skin ulcers 2. Swollen and painful lymph nodes 3. Inflamed eyes, sore throat, mouth sores
66
*Francisella tularensis* characteristics
1. Gram negative coccobacilli 2. Oxidase negative 3. Urease negative
67
*Francisella tularensis* is grown on \_\_\_\_\_.
Chocolate agar

OMS - 2 Neuro Final (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions