civil rights- women Flashcards
(35 cards)
how were women politically active earlier in the period?
women were active in church societies, many were ardent abolitionists, promoted temperance
when was the first female anti-slavery convention?
1837
when was the Seneca Falls convention?
1848
how did the Civil War affect women?
there were 400 documented instances of women disguising themselves to fight in the war, women worked as spies on both sides, the war gave women more control over finances and challenged domesticity
what was the position of women at the end of the civil war?
stuck to the view that women should be in the home, if women worked it was in female spheres (e.g. cleaning or low-paid manufacturing), limited birth control meant that families were large
when and what was the WCTU?
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, set up in 1874- worked to ban alcohol to safeguard the family, reached 800,000 members by 1920
when and what was AERA?
American Equal Rights Association, set up in 1866- aimed to remove restrictions on rights on both racial and gender grounds
when and what was NWSA?
National Women Suffrage Association, set up in 1869- focussed solely on women’s suffrage
when did NWSA merge with AWSA?
1890 to become NAWSA
when was the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage established?
1911
what other opposition was there early in the period?
Catholic immigrants saw suffrage as weaking the family and Southern Democrats feared women in politics would introduce labour laws which may hurt the south
how did WW1 offer rights for women?
Carrie Chapman Catt insisted that the promise of suffrage would induce women to support the war and Wilson agreed
when was the 19th amendment ratified?
1920
why was the progress during the second world war still limited?
women still faced pay discrimination and attitudes still remained the same
what problems did women face in actually voting?
difficult for mothers to travel to voting stations, married women had to re-register, some states were slow to administering voting rights, AA women and NA women still prevented voting rights and many women just voted in accordance to their husbands
how did the New Deal benefit women?
New Deal relief had involved 743,000 women, the first female secretary of labour was appointed
how did the New Deal limit progress?
federal agencies were largely run by men, socially women were still discriminated and much of the New Deal legislation still only benefitted the men
how was the position of women still limited during WW2?
women were not involved in wartime decisions, government agencies still dominated by men, women could not get childcare, women still had unequal pay and there was still very little political influence for women
how many women lost their jobs after WW2?
2 million
when and what was NOW?
Nation Organisation for Women, set up in 1966- aim to provide equal political and social opportunities for women
when and what was Kennedy’s ‘Report on American Women’?
1963- a survey on the unequal pay, opportunities and political standing
when was the Equal Pay Act passed?
1963
why did women oppose the ERA?
women may find themselves liable for conscription, they may lose the rights they already had (e.g. alimony, etc) and appeal for traditional values
who led the opposition against the ERA?
Shlafly
