Tudors- Henry 7th Flashcards
(43 cards)
when was Henry coronated?
30th October 1485
when did Henry date the start of his reign and why?
the day before the Bosworth because this meant that anyone who fought against him were traitors and their estates could be seized
why were Yorkists a threat?
there was a number of Yorkist claimants who had stronger claims to the throne than Henry did
BUT some were successfully removed as traitors to the throne and some professed their loyalty to Henry
when and what was the Lovell rebellion?
within a year of Henry taking the throne, unrest from dissatisfied
what the Lovell rebellion a threat?
yes- it happened within a year of Henry taking he throne and during his first royal progress
no- the rebels dispersed after Henry threatened excommunication/death
why did the Yorkshire and Cornish rebellions happen?
due to taxation
explain the Yorkshire rebellion
1489- Henry attempted to raise money to aid Brittany in its struggle against France, and the north were usually exempted from taxation due to the border raids from Scotland
was the Yorkshire rebellion a threat?
no- the rising was easily crushed by the royal army and there was no intention of removing Henry from the throne
yes- showed that the north posed a threat to an already weak monarchy
explain the Cornish rebellion
1497- Henry required money to defend England from Scotland, the Cornish had little interest in events so geographically remote
was the Cornish rebellion a threat?
yes- because it amassed support of some 15,000 rebels
no- numbers began to decline as the rebels reached London and it was clear that they blamed ‘evil counsellors’ like Morton and Bray not Henry
was Simnel a threat?
yes- claimed to be the Earl of Warwick within a year of Henry taking the throne, he had foreign support of 2000 mercenaries as well as 8000 men and it resulted it a battle
no- the battle was over in three hours
how long did the Warbeck uprising last?
1491 until 1499
was Warbeck a threat?
yes- it lasted so long, impacted trade agreements internationally, he was welcomed at French court and the HRE recognised him as Richard IV
no- Henry figured out the plot early on through his spy network, the local militia defeated his invasion attempt in 1495, he failed to join up with the Cornish rebellion
why were the nobility a problem for Henry?
Henry was a usurper to the throne and there was nothing to prevent a powerful ruler attempting to overthrow him, many nobles owned large portions of land and personal retainers
how many earls did Henry create during his reign and why?
only three because he didn’t want to give out loads of power to nobles who could overthrow him
what was the Order of the Garter?
a reward that was seen as a great honour but only gave prestige and not land/power- he created 37 Knights of the Garter
how did Henry use powers of patronage?
instead of being rewarded by the king in the hopes that service would be given to him, Henry gave patronage as a sign of loyalty- usually those who provided good service before and after Bosworth (e.g. Lord Daubeney)
how did Henry use the King’s Council as a reward?
membership of the King’s Council was a sign of trust and it was a clever way to ensure nobility support
what were the Acts of Attainder?
they were damaging to families as they lost the right to possess their land which spelt social and economic ruin BUT they could be reversed as a reward
what were bonds and recognisances?
written agreements whereby nobles who offended the king either paid for their offence or paid money as security for future good behaviour
how many families were bound by bonds and recognisances during Henry’s reign?
36 out of 62 noble families
how did Henry assert his power over the nobles through feudal dues?
marriage- profited from arranged marriages of heirs
wardship- estates of minors were under royal control
relief- payment to the king when land was inherited
livery- payment to recover land from wardship
when and what was the Act of Resumption?
1486- recovered land granted away since before the Wars of the Roses
what changes did Henry make to central government?
he relied on an inner group (e.g. Lord Chancellor and Lord Treasurer) to improve government efficiency, he drew his chief advisors from landed gentry and professionals (e.g. Bray and Dudley) and he established committees (e.g. Council Learned in Law)
