CKD

Question 1

what is CKD?

Answer 1

a condition characterised by loss of renal function. results in reduced capacity to filter waste from the blood and maintain fluid balance.

end-stage renal failure (ESRD), final stage of CKD where patient must received dialysis or kidney transplantation in order to survive for more than a few weeks.

Question 2

what functions do the kidneys have?

Answer 2

• waste removal: when this fails there is an accumulation of nitrogenous wastes which leads to nausea, vomiting, confusion and seizures
• blood pH control: when this function fails, there is a reduction in hydrogen excretion which leads to an increase in blood acidity which leads to metabolic acidosis
• fluid/electrolyte: reduced potassium excretion which leads to hyperkalemia which leads to cardiac arrhythmias. additionally, reduced phosphate excretion leads to hyperphosphatemia
• hormone production: when this function there is reduced calcitrol production which leads to hypocalcemia. This leads to an overactive parathyroid galnd, or secondary hyperparathyroidism. additionally, reduced secretion of erythropoietin formation can lead to erythroia (where the blood has a lower number of red blood cells or hemoglobin than normal, resulting in insufficient oxygen being delivered to the bodys tissue)

Question 3

what are the considerations for exercise training?

Answer 3

high intensity exercise produced larger increases in aerobic capacity than MICT

RT alone had no significant effect on aerobic capacity

exercise training had no siginificant effects on the capacity to perform activities of daily living