Class 1-2 - Intro to Pathophysiology, Cellular Death, Injury Flashcards
Define pathophysiology
The science of structural and functional changes as a result of injury on the level of the human organism
Define disease
an impairment of functioning on the cellular, tissue, organ and organ-system levels
Define illness
a state of human organism’s alteration, resulting in physical, emotional and spiritual distress
Describe the levels of disease prevention
1) Primary: prevent disease, e.g. lifestyle change, immunization
2) Secondary: early detection, e.g. colonoscopy, mammography, Pap smear
3) Tertiary: prevention of disease complications and/or progression, e.g. treatment/management of patient’s altered state
The term for accepted theory or hypothesis of the cause of a disease is ________
The term for accepted mechanism of a disease’ development is _______
etiology
pathogenesis
Define Risk Factors in the context of pathophysiology
vulnerabilities which increase the chances of the disease development
Define Precipitating Factors in the context of pathophysiology
triggers, leading to the onset of a disease
A disease is idiopathic if it is of ____ cause.
An iatrogenic disease is caused by _________.
A ________ disease originates within a medical facility/hospital
unknown
medical intervention
nosocomial
Compare and contrast signs vs. symptoms
Signs are objective manifestations of disease
Symptoms are subjective manifestations of disease
A syndrome is ________
A diagnosis is ________
a characteristic set of signs and symptoms
a statement concerning with the most likely nature of a disease/syndrome
Differential diagnosis is _________
a list of altered health states, which are characterized by similar signs and symptoms
The most probable outcome of a disease is termed ______
Medical/health care actions which may aggravate a patient’s condition are known as _________
prognosis
contraindications
Progression of a disease in severity and extent of dysfunction is known as _______
complications
Side / Adverse Effects are defined as _________.
_______ effects may be harmful or beneficial but ________ effects are always harmful and may lead to complications, including death
predictable but unintended results of disease management.
Side
Adverse
Compare and contrast acute vs. chronic conditions
Acute- sudden rapid onset with typically more severe signs and symptoms
Chronic - longer duration, slow progression, little signs of change
A disease is communicable if it __________
spreads from person to person
Define epidemic
above usual rate of a disease occurrence in a certain population
Define endemic
persistently occurring/characteristic disease in a certain area
Define pandemic
an epidemic rate of a disease affecting all continents
Occasional occurrences of a disease with unrelated cases at random are termed ______
Sporadic
A congenital disease is ________
An acquired disease is _______
an altered state, present at birth
developed after birth
Genetic disease is ___________
Familial disease is ___________
inherited as a manifestation of altered genes
a disease that runs in a family but not known to be directly inherited due to a particularly altered gene/set of genes
List various types of injurious factors (stressors).
Hypoxia, ischemia, Free radicals, Fat, Bilirubin, chemicals, nutritional imbalances, microorganisms, physical agents (cold, heat, electricity, UV radiation, etc)
Atrophy is __________ due to inadequate nourishment, stimulation, or use
a diminuition of cell size
