Class 6-7 - Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Define reservoir of infectious disease

Answer 1

natural habitat of organism

Question 2

Define source of infectious disease

Answer 2

site of infection/transmission of disease

Question 3

Define carrier of infectious disease

Answer 3

organism that harbors pathogen without showing signs of symptoms

Question 4

When can a carrier state of infectious disease occur?

Answer 4

• during incubation period
• during convalescence period
• chronic carrier in sub-clinical forms

Question 5

Define vector of infectious disease

Answer 5

animate source that aids in transmission of infectious disease

Question 6

Define host of infectious disease

Answer 6

human or other mammal who has been transmitted and harbors infectious agent

Question 7

Biological transmission of infectious disease requires participation of _________

Answer 7

a vector

Question 8

Direct transmission of infectious disease requires ________. List examples of direct transmission

Answer 8

direct contact

sex, touching contaminated hands, medical instruments, droplets from sneeze/cough

Question 9

Transmission of disease from mother to child via placenta or breastmilk is called _________

Answer 9

vertical transmission

Question 10

Primary infection is established in _________

Answer 10

a previously healthy individual

Question 11

Secondary infection is established in __________

Answer 11

an individual already weakened by preceding primary infection

Question 12

Septicemia is ________

Answer 12

systemic spread of either bacteria or virus

Question 13

Toxemia is ________

Answer 13

presence of toxin in blood

Question 14

Zoonosis is __________

Answer 14

an infectious disease of animals

Question 15

Anthroponosis is ________

Answer 15

an infectious disease only transmissible among humans

Question 16

Define biological transmission of infectious disease

Answer 16

transmission of disease via a vector where the vector participates in a biological cycle of an infectious agent

Question 17

List examples of vertical transmission of infectious disease

Answer 17

transmission via placenta, via breast milk

Question 18

Define prodromal stage of disease

Answer 18

the period of disease from onset of nonspecific symptoms (e.g. fever, malaise, fatigue) to more specific symptoms

Question 19

Mumps is caused by _______. Most typical presentation is _______. Other presentations include _______

Answer 19

mumps virus

painful swelling of salivary glands

orchitis and pancreatitis

Question 20

Complications of mumps include ________

Answer 20

infertility in post-pubertal men

Question 21

Mumps is transmitted through _________

Answer 21

contact with respiratory secretions from an infected person

Question 22

Measles is also known as _______. It is caused by _______ and is transmitted through _________

Answer 22

rubeola

rubeola virus

the air

Question 23

Describe pathogenesis of measles

Answer 23

infection occurs in the eyes, upper respiratory tract, then spreads to regional lymph nodes
upon replication, virus is spread via blood to brain, lungs, skin

Question 24

Measles presents as _________

Answer 24

initial headache, photophobia, barking cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, later generalized skin rash

Question 25

Specific sign of measles is _______

Answer 25

Koplik's spots on buccal mucosa

Question 26

Complications of measles include _________

Answer 26

meningitis, pneumonia, sub-acute pan-encephalitis many years after initial infection

Question 27

Rubella is also known as ______. It is caused by _____ and is transmitted through ________

Answer 27

German measles rubella virus the air

Question 28

Describe pathogenesis of rubella

Answer 28

Inhaled virus replicated in regional lymph nodes of upper respiratory tract, then enters blood stream. Circulating virus reacts w/ antibodies to form immune complexes that lodge w/in skin causing generalized rash and joint pain

Question 29

Major complications of rubella include _______

Answer 29

fetal malformations during first trimester of pregnancy (Congenital Rubella Syndrome)

Question 30

Chickenpox is caused by ________. It is transmitted through _________

Answer 30

varicella-zoster virus | droplets or skin contact

Question 31

Describe pathogenesis of chickenpox

Answer 31

The virus infects regional lymph nodes and enters bloodstream where it is delivered to skin, causing spreading and itchy rashesin multiple stages of development. The rash spreads in a centripetal mode

Question 32

Shingles is _________. Describe its pathogenesis

Answer 32

a reactivation of latent chickenpox virus reactivated virus reach the skin by axonal transport via spinal nerves

Question 33

Shingles presents with _________

Answer 33

neuropathic pain of burning character, dermatomal rash

Question 34

Diptheria is caused by __________. It is transmitted through ___________

Answer 34

corynebacterium diptheriae respiratory secretions or direct contact with infected patient

Question 35

Describe pathogenesis of diptheria

Answer 35

Bacteria infects upper respiratory tract, causing suffocating thick membrane formation. Bacteria releases toxin into blood stream causing fever, fatigue, muscle paralysis, HT/KD failre

Question 36

Pertussis is also known as ________. It is caused by _________. It is transmitted through __________

Answer 36

whooping cough bordetella pertussis, a bacterium respiratory secretions

Question 37

Pertussis presents with __________

Answer 37

violent episodic spasms while coughing, possible vomiting, severe hypoxia, seizures

Question 38

Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by _______. It is transmitted through ______

Answer 38

toxins from staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenous broken skin, unhygienic use of tampons

Question 39

Clinical presentations of TSS include _______

Answer 39

diffuse rash, high fever, low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, stupor, coma, multiple organ failure desquamation of skin, especially palms and soles

Question 40

Influenza is caused by _______. It is transmitted through ________

Answer 40

influenza virus respiratory secretions

Question 41

Influenza presentations include ___________

Answer 41

fever, cough, sore throat, runny/stuffy nose, muscle/body aches, headache, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 42

Complications of influenza include _________

Answer 42

pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions

Question 43

Lyme disease is caused by _________. It is transmitted through ___________

Answer 43

spirochete bacterium (borrelia burgdorferi) bite of the tick

Question 44

The injury from Lyme disease infection is caused by ________

Answer 44

immune reaction to the pathogen

Question 45

Describe the stages of Lyme disease

Answer 45

I - bulls-eye rash at site of bite, fever, malaise, headache, arthralgia, lymphodenopathy at site of bite II - arrythmia, photphobia, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, heart failure III - chronic arthritis, impairment of nervous system

Question 46

Scarlet fever is a term used for ______ with a rash | It is caused by ________

Answer 46

strep throat | streptococcal bacteria

Question 47

Scarlet fever initially presents with _______ The most noticeable symptom of scarlet fever is ______

Answer 47

fever of 101F or higher, sore throat w/ difficulty swallowing, white or yellow spots on pharynx walls and tonsils, swollen lymph nodes in the neck a rough, red rash that feels like fine sandpaper

Question 48

Type of Hepatitis infection characterized by sudden aversion to tobacco during prodromal stage _______

Answer 48

Hep A