Class 1

Question 1

A plant is – branch off the tree of life

Answer 1

one

Question 2

plants have typical characters at the cell level: cellulose cell walls, – and chloroplasts

Answer 2

vacuole

Question 3

– species of plants

Answer 3

250k

Question 4

T/F: chloroplasts evolved way before plants

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Goethe’s – scientist sells soul to devil to get fame

Answer 5

Italian Journey

Question 6

Classic “unified plant” idea: Goethe’s ‘Ur-plant’ all plants are variations on a single unified theme, and that each carries within it the – for huge variation

Answer 6

potential

Question 7

Modern “unified plant” idea: emphasis in much – on ‘model’ plants, with genomes determined, functionally elucidated, modified

Answer 7

physiology

Question 8

Arabidopsis (thale cress) has a small genome, sequenced in 2000, – week life cycle, easy to propagate

Answer 8

6

Question 9

used in classic genetic and molecular biology experiments (McClintock); important fast-growing crop

Answer 9

Zea mays (corn, maize)

Question 10

model especially for flower developmental genetics

Answer 10

Antirrhinum (snapdragon)

Question 11

other model plant species include brassica (cabbage, canola), –, tobacco, and rice

Answer 11

tomato

Question 12

cell wall is rigid, made of cellulose, with –

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

primary cell walls are –, characteristic of young, growing cells

Answer 13

thick

Question 14

model plants should be able to – fast (easily propagated)

Answer 14

grow

Question 15

plants have typical characters at the whole-plant level:

Answer 15

roots, leaves

Question 16

secondary cell walls have deposited of – so are up to several um thick and stronger

Answer 16

lignin

Question 17

model plants should have – fecundity

Answer 17

high

Question 18

model plants should be – to grow

Answer 18

cheap

Question 19

model plants should be easy to – for genetic experiments

Answer 19

manipulate

Question 20

If a model plant’s genome was –, it would be easier to discover, clone, and transfer genes

Answer 20

sequenced

Question 21

Other important aspects of model plants are that it should be – of most plants in terms of genetics and have variable phenotypes

Answer 21

representative

Question 22

Does arabidopsis have phenotypic plasticity?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

typical body = stem, – and root

Answer 23

leaf

Question 24

softer more flexible cell wall

Answer 24

primary wall

Question 25

-- also bridges the cells

Answer 25

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

vacuole is the -- compartment

Answer 26

storage

Question 27

vacuole can press up against cell membrane/wall

Answer 27

hydrostatic pressure

Question 28

outside the protoplasts, the cell walls also form a continuous space, a potential pathway

Answer 28

apoplast

Question 29

all of the membranes within the cell are --

Answer 29

interconnected

Question 30

vacuole contains water, organic and inorganic ions, ---, enzymes, and metabolites

Answer 30

sugars

Question 31

vacuole also serves to degrade cells during --

Answer 31

senescence

Question 32

number of mitochondria depends on -- of the cell

Answer 32

metabolic activity

Question 33

T/F: there are many mitochondria in the guard cells

Answer 33

true

Question 34

mitochondria is the site of --

Answer 34

respiration

Question 35

mitochondria are -- long

Answer 35

3 um

Question 36

chloroplasts are typically -- per cell

Answer 36

20-40

Question 37

chloroplasts are -- long

Answer 37

5-8 um

Question 38

site of photosynthesis

Answer 38

chloroplasts

Question 39

peroxisomes spherical organelles that function to -- compounds and also to break down peroxide, a by product of cellular reactions

Answer 39

oxidize

Question 40

tubular extensions of plasma membrane 40-50 nm in diameter that traverse the cell wall and connect two cells

Answer 40

plasmodesmata

Question 41

root cap + root apical meristem

Answer 41

root apex

Question 42

compounds may be transported between cells, but typically only up to 2 nm in diameter, through the -- formed by the plasma membrane and ER in the cavity

Answer 42

microchannels

Question 43

because the cytoplasm of most cells is thus continuous, we may conceive of all the living tissue in the plant as connected in one transport pathway

Answer 43

symplast

Question 44

outside the protoplasts, the cell walls also form a continuous space, a potential pathway

Answer 44

apoplast

Question 45

H+ -ATPase involved in ATP synthesis is found on the mitochondria's --

Answer 45

inner membrane

Question 46

T/F: both mitochondria and chloroplasts make ATP in plants

Answer 46

true

Question 47

stack of thylakoids

Answer 47

granum

Question 48

where light reactions occur in chloroplasts

Answer 48

thylakoid membrane

Question 49

super apoplast

Answer 49

xylem

Question 50

super symplast

Answer 50

phloem

Question 51

doesn't need to cross cell membrane so water is best conducted by

Answer 51

apoplast

Question 52

large biomolecules are able to move in a controlled manner do it is best conducted by

Answer 52

symplast

Question 53

water moves from cell to cell via spaces in the -- until it reaches the endodermis

Answer 53

cell wall

Question 54

water moves from cell to cell in the cytoplasm via the plasma membranes and --

Answer 54

plasmodesmata

Question 55

whole-plant architecture; growth confined to --

Answer 55

meristems

Question 56

leaf primordia + shoot apical meristem

Answer 56

shoot apex

Question 57

root cap + root apical meristem

Answer 57

root apex

Question 58

epidermis, cuticle, guard cells, and root hairs

Answer 58

dermal tissue

Question 59

waxy layer that prevents water from evaporating and desiccating leaf

Answer 59

cuticle

Question 60

parenchyma and -- are present in phloem

Answer 60

fibers

Question 61

xylem and phloem are -- tissues

Answer 61

vascular

Question 62

thin-walled, metabolically active cells, functional in metabolism and photosynthesis

Answer 62

parenchyma

Question 63

narrow, elongated cells with thick primary walls, provide structural support to the growing plant body

Answer 63

collenchyma

Question 64

collenchyma can -- as organs grow

Answer 64

stretch

Question 65

usually found in stem periphery and petioles

Answer 65

collenchyma

Question 66

consists of two types of cells, sclereids and fibers

Answer 66

sclerenchyma

Question 67

both cell types of sclerenchyma have thick secondary walls and are frequently -- at maturity

Answer 67

dead

Question 68

T/F: sclereids occur in a variety of shapes, ranging from roughly spherical to branched, and are widely distributed throughout the plant

Answer 68

true

Question 69

fibers are narrow, elongated and commonly associated with -- tissues

Answer 69

vascular

Question 70

-- provides mechanical support particularly to non-elongating parts of the plant

Answer 70

sclerenchyma

Question 71

xylem functions in conduction of water and --

Answer 71

nutrients

Question 72

-- and sclerenchyma are also present in xylem

Answer 72

parenchyma

Question 73

phloem functions in conduction of sugars and --

Answer 73

signal molecules

Question 74

conducting tissue of phloem is composed of -- (gymnosperms)

Answer 74

sieve cells

Question 75

parenchyma and -- are present in phloem

Answer 75

fibers

Question 76

-- have no chloroplasts

Answer 76

xylem

Question 77

non photosynthetic plants include -- and saprophytic plants

Answer 77

parasitic

Question 78

gymnosperms -- species

Answer 78

700

Question 79

angiosperms -- species

Answer 79

250,000

Question 80

Wolffia spp

Answer 80

duckweed

Question 81

plants can thrive from different percentage of daylight -- habitats

Answer 81

irradiance

Question 82

plants exist on chronically dry soil, and on -- (or submerged in water)

Answer 82

ever-wet soil

Question 83

plants exist where temp reach

Answer 83

less than negative 40 and greater than 40 degrees C

Question 84

different growth forms: woody, single stem

Answer 84

trees

Question 85

different growth forms: woody, multiple stems, shorter

Answer 85

shrubs

Question 86

different growth forms: non-woody

Answer 86

herbs

Question 87

variation in habitat: clonal populations, epiphytes, and --

Answer 87

carnivorous plants

Question 88

diversity in biochemical and metabolism: C3, C4, and -- photosynthesis

Answer 88

CAM

Question 89

huge range in flower size

Answer 89

aroids

Question 90

live with no water

Answer 90

nolana

Question 91

spends life in water

Answer 91

taxodium

Question 92

full daylight

Answer 92

agave

Question 93

adapted to less than 40 degrees C

Answer 93

birch tree

Question 94

adapted to > 40 degrees C

Answer 94

Joshua tree

Question 95

conducting tissue of phloem is composed of -- (angiosperms)

Answer 95

sieve tubes