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Anatomy & Physiology > Class 10 - THE MUSCLES OF THE THORAX, ABDOMEN, AND PELVIS > Flashcards

Class 10 - THE MUSCLES OF THE THORAX, ABDOMEN, AND PELVIS Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

The thoracic cavity increase in size during…

A

Inhalation

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2
Q

The thoracic cavity decreases in size during…

A

Exhalation

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3
Q

Muscles that act primarily during relaxed quiet breathing

A

Diaphragm
External intercostal
Internal intercostal

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4
Q

Diaphragm consists of two portions:

A
  1. Peripheral muscular portion

2. Central tendon

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5
Q

Three openings of diaphragm

A
  1. Aortic hiatus
  2. Esophageal hiatus
  3. Caval opening
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6
Q

Aortic hiatus consists of…

A

Aorta

Thoracic duct

Azygos veins

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7
Q

Esophageal hiatus consists of…

A

Esophagus

Vagus nerves

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8
Q

Caval opening consists of…

A

Foramen for the inferior vena cava

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9
Q

Diaphragm origin

A

Xiphoid process
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
Lumbar vertebrae and discs

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10
Q

Diaphragm insert

A

Central tendon

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11
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

Phrenic nerve (which contains axons from cervical spinal nerves C3-C5)

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12
Q

Diaphragm actions

A

Exerts 75% of effort for the relaxed-quiet breathing

Helps return blood to the heart

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13
Q

The diaphragm with 5he anterolateral abdominal muscles help increase the intraabdominal pressure for…

A

Helps support the spine with weight lifting

Evacuation of contents of the organs (defection, urination, childbirth)

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14
Q

Pairs of intercostal muscles

A

11

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15
Q

Intercostal muscles occupy…

A

The intercostal space

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16
Q

Three layers of intercostal muscles

A
  1. External intercostals
  2. Internal intercostals
  3. Innermost intercostals
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17
Q

External intercostals occupy…

A

The superficial layer

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18
Q

External intercostals run…

A

Obliquely, inferiorly, anteriorly and medially (same direction of the external oblique muscles)

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19
Q

External intercostals origin

A

Inferior border of the rib above

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20
Q

External intercostals insertion

A

Superior border of the rib below

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21
Q

External intercostals action

A

Elevate the ribs (relaxation allows ribs to descend with gravity)

Exert 25% of the muscle effort in the relaxed-quiet breathing

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22
Q

Internal intercostals occupy…

A

The intermediate layer

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23
Q

Internal intercostals run…

A

Superiorly, anteriorly and medially (same direction as the internal oblique muscle)

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24
Q

Internal intercostals origin

A

Superior border of the rib below

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25
Internal intercostals insertion
Inferior border of the rib above
26
Internal intercostals action
Forced exhalation
27
External intercostals innervation
Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
28
Internal intercostals innervation
Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
29
Anterolateral abdominal walls
Space between rib cage and the pelvis closed by the skin, fascia and four pairs of muscles
30
Four pairs of muscles of the anterolateral abdominal walls
1. Rectus abdominis 2. External oblique 3. Internal oblique m 4. Transverse abdominis
31
Recutus abdominis origin
Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
32
Rectus abdominis insertion
Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
33
Three tendinous intersections that interrupt the rectus abdominis
One near the leaves of the navel One near the xiphoid process One in between those two intersections (Sometimes a fourth below the level of the umbilicus)
34
Rectus sheath
Aponeurosis that encloses the rectus abdominis formed by the other three abdominal muscles
35
Linea alba
Where right and left rectus sheaths meet at the anterior midline from the xiphoid process to the public symphysis (includes umbilicus)
36
Rectus abdominis action
Act bilaterally to flex the spine, antagonizing the erector spinae
37
Rectus abdominis RMA
Flexes the pelvis on the spine
38
External oblique muscle is…
Superficial
39
External oblique fascicles are extended…
Inferiorly, anteriorly and medially
40
External oblique origin
Ribs 5-12
41
External oblique insertion
Iliac crest and linea alba
42
Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle forms…
Anterior layer of the rectus sheath | Inguinal ligament “jumping” between ASIS and pubic tubercle
43
Aponeurosis of the right and left external oblique muscle fuse at…
The linea alba
44
External oblique actions
Acting together: flex the spine | Acting unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate the spine
45
Internal oblique muscles is…
Intermediate
46
Internal oblique fascicles extend…
Superiorly, anteriorly and medially At right angle to the external oblique
47
Internal oblique origin
Iliac crest Inguinal ligament Thoracolmbar fascia
48
Internal oblique insertion
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 | Linea alba
49
Aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle splits…
Into anterior and posterior layers where is reaches the side of the rectus abdominis, contributing to the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath
50
Aponeurosis of the right and left internal oblique muscle fuses at…
The linea alba
51
Internal oblique action
Acting bilaterally: flex the spine | Acting unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate the spine
52
Transversus abdominis muscle is…
Deep
53
Transversus abdominis fascicles are divided…
Transversely around the abdominal walls
54
Transversus abdominis origin
1. Iliac crest 2. Inguinal ligament 3. Lumbar fascia 4. Costal cartilages of ribs 5-10
55
Aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis forms…
Part of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath
56
Aponeurosis of the right and left transversus abdominis fuse at…
The linea alba posterior to the rectus abdominis muscles
57
The aponeurosis of the transversus runs… to the rectus abdominis muscles and forms…
Anterior to form part of the anterior layer of the rectus sheath
58
Inguinal canal
Oblique passageway in the anterior abdominal wall
59
Location of inguinal canal
Superior and parallel to the medial half of the inguinal ligament
60
Inguinal canal measures…
4-5cm in length
61
Inguinal canal origin
Deep inguinal ring
62
Deep inguinal ring
Opening in the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis
63
Inguinal canal ends…
Superficial inguinal ring
64
Superficial inguinal ring
Opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
65
Inguinal canal in men contains…
The spermatic cord
66
Inguinal canal in women contains…
The round ligaments of the uterus
67
Posterior abdominal wall is formed by…
Muscles, lumbar vertebrae and the hip bone
68
Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
Psoas major Iliacus Quadratus lumborum
69
Quadratus lumborum (QL) origin
Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
70
Quadratus lumborum (QL) insertion
12th rib and transverse process of L1-L4
71
Quadratus lumborum actions
Bilaterally: pull 12th rib down during forced exhalation, fix the 12th rib to prevent excessive elevation during forced inhalation md extend spine Unilaterally: lateral flexion of spine
72
Pelvic diaphragm
Muscles of the pelvic floor
73
Pelvic diaphragm stretches from…to…
The pubis to the coccyx
74
Two muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
1. Levator ani | 2. Ischiococcygeus
75
Three parts of levator ani
1. Puborectalis 2. Iliococcygeus 3. Pubococygeus
76
Ishiococcygeus form the…portion of the pelvic diaphragm
Posterior
77
Levator ani functions
Supports the pelvic viscera Acts in conjuction with the intraabdominal pressure Functions as the internal sphincter of the anus
78
Pelvic diaphragm piercings
Anal canal Urethra Vagina in females
79
Females pelvic diaphragm is…
Weaker
80
Perinium
Diamond-shaped area closing the pelvic cavity inferiorly
81
Line between the Ischial tuberosity divides perinium into two triangles
1. Urogenital triangle (anterior) | 2. Anal triangle (posterior)
82
Two layers of perinium
Superficial | Deep
83
Urogenital triangle muscle functions
Sphincter for the urethra Play a role in the process of erection and ejaculation Contribute in intercourse
84
Anal triangle muscle action
Include the external anal sphincter for the voluntary control of defecation

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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